Table 2 Past medical history of 421 participants with persistent headache after COVID-19 in Latin America

COVID-19 clinical presentation, n (%)

0.889^a

 Mild/Moderate

396 (94.1)

100 (94.3)

296 (94)

 Severe/Critical

25 (5.9)

6 (5.7)

19 (6)

Comorbidities, yes (%)

 Hypertension

91 (21.6)

24 (22.6)

67 (21.3)

0.767^a

 Asthma

35 (8.3)

9 (8.5)

26 (8.3)

0.939^a

 Diabetes

14 (3.3)

5 (4.7)

9 (2.9)

0.356^a

 Hypothyroidism

13 (3.1)

2 (1.9)

11 (3.5)

0.409^a

 HIV

4 (1)

0 (0)

4 (1.3)

0.576^b

 Cancer

4 (1)

3 (2.8)

1 (0.3)

0.051^b

 COPD

2 (0.5)

2 (1.9)

0 (0)

0.063^b

 CKD

1 (0.2)

1 (0.9)

0 (0)

0.252^b

Smoking habits, n (%)

0.232^a

 No

392 (93.1)

96 (90.6)

296 (94)

 Yes

29 (6.9)

10 (9.4)

19 (6)

  Pack-year index, median (IQR)

1.5 (5.5)

4.6 (9)

0.8 (5)

0.039^c

Personal history of headache before COVID-19 pandemic, n (%)

0.261^a

 No

175 (41.6)

49 (46.2)

126 (40)

 Yes

246 (58.4)

57 (53.8)

189 (60)

  Migraine, yes (%)

136 (32.3)

36 (34)

100 (31.7)

0.673^a

  Tension, yes (%)

100 (23.8)

20 (18.9)

80 (25.4)

0.172^a

  Other, yes (%)

29 (6.9)

9 (8.5)

20 (6.3)

0.451^a

Family history of headache before COVID-19 pandemic, n (%)

0.722^a

 No

256 (60.8)

66 (62.3)

190 (60.3)

 Yes

165 (39.2)

40 (37.7)

125 (39.7)

  Migraine, yes (%)

130 (30.9)

31 (29.2)

99 (31.4)

0.674^a

  Tension, yes (%)

43 (10.2)

11 (10.4)

32 (10.2)

0.949^a