Table 1 Codon mutations distribution and function based on literature in north, central, and south Ghana. C580Y is the most prevalent non-synonymous mutation in Southeast Asia that mediates ART resistance both in vitro and in vivo. Y493H has also been validated in vitro and confers to ART resistance
From: Distribution of Plasmodium falciparum K13 gene polymorphisms across transmission settings in Ghana
Region | Codon mutation | Validation for ART resistance | Occurrence in other malaria endemic areas |
|---|---|---|---|
North | I418M | No | Yes |
S423G | No | No | |
P475L | No | No | |
R471C | No | No | |
S477F | No | Yes | |
Y493H | Yes | Yes | |
V494P | No | No | |
N499Y | No | No | |
Y500F | No | Yes | |
D501N | No | No | |
Central | G449A | No | No |
N458K | No | No | |
A481T | No | No | |
I543L | No | No | |
N548I | No | No | |
C580Y | Yes | No | |
South | N408D | No | No |
M460T | No | No | |
M472T | No | No | |
P475L | No | No | |
Y482F | No | No | |
D501G | No | Yes |