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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with and without chronic kidney disease before and after propensity score matching

From: Device-related infection and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease receiving cardiac implantable electronic devices: a propensity score-matched cohort study

 

Before matching

 

After matching

CKD a

(n = 750)

Non-CKD

(n = 918)

P value

SMD

CKD a

(n = 492)

Non-CKD

(n = 492)

P value

SMD

Baseline characteristics

         

Age, (years)

76 ± 10

70 ± 13

< 0.001

0.574

 

75 ± 10

75 ± 10

0.844

0.013

Male

371 (49.5)

497 (54.1)

0.057

0.093

 

247 (50.2)

264 (53.7)

0.278

0.069

Body mass index, (kg/m2)

25 ± 4

25 ± 4

0.139

0.074

 

25 ± 4

25 ± 4

0.880

0.010

Hypertension

596 (79.5)

585 (63.7)

< 0.001

0.357

 

366 (74.4)

373 (75.8)

0.606

0.033

Diabetes mellitus

359 (47.9)

272 (29.6)

< 0.001

0.383

 

190 (38.6)

197 (40.0)

0.648

0.029

Hyperlipidemia

280 (37.3)

308 (33.6)

0.108

0.081

 

167 (33.9)

172 (35.0)

0.737

0.021

Coronary artery disease

232 (30.9)

160 (17.4)

< 0.001

0.320

 

112 (22.8)

120 (24.4)

0.548

0.038

Heart failure history

220 (29.3)

205 (22.2)

0.001

0.162

 

136 (27.6)

124 (25.2)

0.386

0.055

Valvular heart disease b

60 (8.0)

68 (7.4)

0.651

0.023

 

35 (7.1)

34 (6.9)

0.221

0.008

Atrial fibrillation

284 (37.9)

363 (39.5)

0.485

0.030

 

196 (39.8)

194 (39.4)

0.896

0.008

Cerebrovascular accident

125 (16.7)

128 (13.9)

0.123

0.080

 

75 (15.2)

74 (15.0)

0.940

0.006

End-stage renal disease c

89 (11.9)

N/A

N/A

N/A

 

46 (9.4)

N/A

N/A

N/A

Laboratory data

        

Hemoglobin, (g/dL)

11.7 ± 1.9

13.0 ± 1.8

< 0.001

0.673

 

12.3 ± 1.8

12.3 ± 1.8

0.785

0.017

Anemia

486 (64.8)

329 (35.8)

< 0.001

N/A

 

259 (52.6)

258 (52.4)

0.949

N/A

Serum creatinine, (mg/dL)

2.3 ± 2.2

0.9 ± 0.2

< 0.001

N/A

 

2.1 ± 2.0

0.9 ± 0.2

< 0.001

N/A

eGFR, (mL/min/1.73m2)

37 ± 17

84 ± 22

< 0.001

N/A

 

40 ± 15

82 ± 23

< 0.001

N/A

Pacemaker procedure-related parameters

        

Transvenous temporary pacemaker d

165 (22.0)

142 (15.5)

0.001

0.169

 

94 (19.1)

97 (19.7)

0.809

0.015

Indications for devices

         

Patients with sinus nodal dysfunction

325 (43.3)

445 (48.5)

N/A

N/A

 

224 (45.5)

225 (45.7)

N/A

N/A

Patients with atrioventricular block

201 (26.8)

204 (22.2)

N/A

N/A

 

118 (24.0)

113 (23.0)

N/A

N/A

New-implant pacemaker

526 (70.1)

649 (70.7)

0.829

N/A

 

342 (69.5)

338 (68.7)

0.836

N/A

Complex procedure

224 (29.9)

269 (29.3)

0.802

0.008

 

150 (30.5)

154 (31.3)

0.783

0.022

Generator replacement

139 (18.5)

170 (18.5)

 

N/A

 

91 (18.5)

104 (21.1)

 

N/A

ICD

55 (7.3)

82 (8.9)

 

N/A

 

38 (7.7)

40 (8.1)

 

N/A

CRT

28 (3.7)

11 (1.2)

 

N/A

 

20 (4.1)

7 (1.4)

 

N/A

Procedures of device upgrade

2 (0.3)

6 (0.7)

 

N/A

 

1 (0.2)

3 (0.6)

 

N/A

Number of pacemaker lead

1.5 ± 0.8

1.5 ± 0.8

0.203

N/A

 

1.5 ± 0.8

1.5 ± 0.8

0.185

N/A

Pocket hematoma e

22 (2.9)

27 (2.9)

0.992

< 0.001

 

16 (3.3)

13 (2.6)

0.572

0.036

  1. Data are presented as mean ± SD or number (%) of patients
  2. a Defined as eGFR lower than 60 mL/min/1.73m2 without renal replacement therapy
  3. b Defined as moderate to severe regurgitation or stenosis of aortic, mitral or tricuspid valves
  4. c Defined as the need for peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis, or renal transplantation
  5. d Defined as a bridge prior to permanent device implantation
  6. e Defined as a swelling and painful mass with ecchymosis formation and extending the margin of generators
  7. CKD = chronic kidney disease; CRT = cardiac resynchronization therapy; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; ICD = implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; N/A = not applicable; SMD = standardized mean difference
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BMC Infectious Diseases

ISSN: 1471-2334

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