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Table 4 Risk factors associated with HAI in the pre and during COVID -19 periods

From: Evaluation of the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on hospital-acquired infections in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia

Risk factors

Pre COVID 19

During COVID-19

OR

CI 95%

P

OR

CI 95%

P value

Age

0.97

0.93- 1.01

0.43

0.97

0.91–1.04

0.49

Gender

0.68

0.26- 1.77

0.19

2.36

0.37–19.49

0.36

Length of stay

1.27

1.18–1.37

0.00

1.57

1.27–1.94

0.00

Diabetes mellitus

0.84

0.30–2.31

0.74

5.64

0.77–40.03

0.08

Hypertension

0.76

0.23–2.47

0.65

0.16

0.00–3.10

0.22

Invasive procedure

 Intubation

2.02

044–9.04

0.36

11.10

1.04–11.69

0.00

 Ventilation

2.58

0.40–16.42

0.31

62.66

2.45–16.00

0.01

 Urinary catheter

5.024

1.52–18.01

0.00

0.75

0.41–13.70

0.84

  1. Bold values are statistically significant (P < .05). OR odds ratio