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Table 2 Type and frequency of all of HAIs in patient admitted to the ICU, Medical and surgical wards in SASMEC hospital pre and during COVID-19 periods

From: Evaluation of the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on hospital-acquired infections in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia

Type of HAIs

Pre COVID

(n = 321)

Frequency (%)

During COVID

(n = 269)

Frequency (%)

Percentage change

p value*

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)

3 (0.9)

3 (1.2)

33.33

0.78

Pneumonia (PNEU)

26 (8.1)

19 (7.4)

-8.64

0.75

Urinary tract infection (UTI)

5 (1.6)

3 (1.1)

-31.25

0.69

Surgical site infection (SSI)

4 (1.2)

2 (0.8)

-33.33

0.57

CAUTI

6 (1.9%)

3 (1.1)

- 42.10

0.49

CLABSI

2 (0.6%)

2 (0.8)

33.33

0.82

  1. VAP ventilator-associated pneumonia, HAP hospital-acquired pneumonia, CLABSIs central line-associated bloodstream infections, CAUTIs catheter-associated urinary tract infections, UTI urinary tract infection. *: Pearson’s chi-square test