Table 1 sociodemographic characteristics of participants
Variables | Modalities | Overall | Enterobacterales positive | ESBL-PE | MDR-E | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N (%) | Percentage (%) | N (%) | p-value | N (%) | p-value | N (%) | p-value | ||
Overall | 597 | 124 | 37 | 95 | |||||
Sex Sex ratio : 1.2013 | Female | 497 | 83.25 | 99 (79.84) | 0.2532 | 27 (73.0) | 0.2135 | 76 (80.0) | 0.4597 |
Male | 100 | 16.75 | 25 (20.16) | 10 (27.0) | 19 (20.0) | ||||
Age | Mean (SD) | 34.3 (16.6) | 0.0010 | 37.5 (16.8) | 0.0021 | 35.2 (16.2) | 0.0013 | ||
Median (Min, Max) | 30.0 [6.00, 92.0] | 34.0 [7.0,70.0] | 30.0 [6.0,92.0] | ||||||
Age group | ]1 ; 10] | 25 | 4,19 | 7 (5.65) | 0.0009 | 1 (4.00) | 0.0033 | 4 (4.21) | 0.0042 |
]10 ; 20 ] | 68 | 11,39 | 9 (7.26) | 2 (2.94) | 6 (6.32) | ||||
]20 ; 30] | 280 | 46,90 | 49 (39.52) | 15 (5.36) | 39 (41.05) | ||||
]30 ; 40] | 122 | 20,44 | 23 (18.55) | 4 (3.28) | 17 (17.89) | ||||
]40 ; 50] | 45 | 7,54 | 16 (12.90) | 7 (15.56) | 12 (12.63) | ||||
]50 ; 60] | 21 | 3,52 | 11 (8.87) | 4 (19.05) | 10 (10.53) | ||||
> 60 | 30 | 5,03 | 9 (7.26) | 4 (13.33) | 7 (7.37) | ||||
≤ 1 | 6 | 1,01 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 | ||||
Residence | Dschang rural area | 347 | 58.12 | 18 (14.52) | < 0.0001 | 10 (27.0) | 15 (15.8) | < 0.0001 | |
Dschang urban area | 222 | 37.19 | 101 (81.45) | 24 (64.9) | 76 (80.0) | ||||
Other# | 28 | 4.69 | 5 (4.03) | 3 (8.1) | 4 (4.2) | ||||
Clinical samples | Blood | 19 | 3,18 | 2 (1.61) | < 0.0001 | 1 (5.26) | 2 (2.1) | < 0.0001 | |
Cerebrospinal fluid | 10 | 1,68 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 | ||||
Other puncture fluid | 11 | 1,84 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 | ||||
Semen | 10 | 1,68 | 1 (0.81) | 0 (0) | < 0.0001 | 1 (1.1) | |||
Stool | 81 | 13,57 | 46 (37.10) | 16 (19.75) | 30 (31.6) | ||||
Urine | 55 | 9,21 | 10 (8.06) | 3 (5.45) | 8 (8.4) | ||||
Uro-genital swab | 396 | 66,33 | 63 (50.81) | 15 (3.79) | 52 (54.7) | ||||
Wound | 16 | 2,68 | 2 (1.61) | 0 | 2 (2.1) | ||||
Occupation | Chef | 1 | 0,17 | 1 (0.81) | 0.0679 | 0 | 0.2041 | 1 (1.1) | 0.1963 |
Civil engineering | 6 | 1,01 | 2 (1.61) | 0 | 2 (2.1) | ||||
Dressmaker | 31 | 5,19 | 7 (5.65) | 0 | 6 (6.3) | ||||
Driver | 6 | 1,01 | 0 (0) | 0 | 0 (0.0) | ||||
Farmer | 14 | 2,35 | 7 (5.65) | 2 (14.29) | 6 (6.3) | ||||
Hairdresser | 15 | 2,51 | 1 (0.81) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.1) | ||||
Healthworker | 12 | 2,01 | 4 (3.23) | 1 (8.33) | 3 (3.1) | ||||
Housemaid | 156 | 26,13 | 35 (28.23) | 15 (9.62) | 25 (26.3) | ||||
Merchant | 46 | 7,71 | 13 (10.48) | 5 (10.87) | 9 (9.5) | ||||
‘NA’ | 11 | 1,84 | 1 (0.81) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.1) | ||||
Other | 9 | 1,51 | 2 (1.61) | 0 (0) | 2 (2.1) | ||||
Pupil | 53 | 8,88 | 11 (8.87) | 1 (1.89) | 6 (6.3) | ||||
Secretariat | 5 | 0,84 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0.0) | ||||
Student | 165 | 27,64 | 25 (20.16) | 7 (4.24) | 19 (20.0) | ||||
Teacher | 67 | 11,22 | 15 (12.10) | 5 (7.46) | 14 (14.7) | ||||
Sanitary facilities | H1 | 453 | 75.88 | 79 (63.7) | 0.0004 | 26 (70.3) | 0.0010 | 60 (63.2) | 0.0017 |
H2 | 144 | 24.12 | 45 (36.3) | 11 (29.7) | 35 (36.8) | ||||
Enterobacterales positive | No | 473 | 79.23 | / | 0 | < 0.0001 | 0 | < 0.0001 | |
Yes | 124 | 20.77 | 37 (100) | 95 (100) | |||||
ESBL positives | No | 552 | 92.46 | 87 (70.2) | < 0.0001 | / | 65 (68.4) | < 0.0001 | |
Yes | 45 | 7.54 | 37 (29.8) | 30 (31.6) | |||||
MDR | No | 483 | 80.90 | 29 (23.4) | < 0.0001 | 7 (18.9) | / | ||
Yes | 114 | 19.10 | 95 (76.6) | 30 (81.1) | |||||