Table 1 Characteristics of patients infected by the Omicron and Delta Variants*
Characteristics | Category | Delta | Omicron | p-value | q-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Â | 241 (100%) | 364 (100%) | Â | Â |
Age Group | 20–39 years old | 43 (17.8) | 41 (11.3) | 0.001 | 0.005 |
|  | 40–69 years old | 134 (55.6) | 178 (48.9) |  |  |
| Â | 70 years or older | 64 (26.6) | 145 (39.8) | Â | Â |
Gender | Female | 118 (49.0) | 202 (55.5) | 0.134 | 0.195 |
Reason of Admission | COVID-19 | 180 (74.7) | 212 (58.2) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Vaccination Status | None | 200 (83.0) | 208 (57.1) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Â | 1 shot | 11 (4.6) | 20 (5.5) | Â | Â |
| Â | 2 shots | 26 (10.8) | 97 (26.6) | Â | Â |
| Â | 3 shots | 4 (1.7) | 39 (10.7) | Â | Â |
Symptoms | Fever | 128 (53.1) | 115 (31.59) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Â | Chills | 79 (32.8) | 86 (23.6) | 0.015 | 0.039 |
| Â | Headache | 30 (12.4) | 40 (11.0) | 0.605 | 0.655 |
| Â | Stuffy nose | 31 (12.9) | 41 (11.3) | 0.608 | 0.655 |
| Â | Runny nose | 15 (6.2) | 26 (7.1) | 0.742 | 0.766 |
|  | Sore throat | 15 (6.2) | 57 (15.6) | < 0.001 | 0.002 |
|  | Loss of Taste and Smell | 16 (6.6) | 4 (1.1) | < 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Â | Earache | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0.00) | 0.398 | 0.472 |
| Â | Cough | 153 (63.5) | 201 (55.2) | 0.052 | 0.102 |
| Â | Sputum production | 34 (14.1) | 39 (10.7) | 0.251 | 0.321 |
| Â | Shortness of Breath | 148 (61.4) | 179 (49.2) | 0.004 | 0.013 |
| Â | Fatigue | 122 (50.6) | 152 (41.8) | 0.037 | 0.076 |
| Â | Myalgia | 70 (29.0) | 83 (22.80 | 0.086 | 0.150 |
| Â | Loss of Appetite | 61 (25.3) | 72 (19.8) | 0.110 | 0.172 |
| Â | Nausea | 67 (27.8) | 92 (25.3) | 0.510 | 0.583 |
| Â | Vomiting | 40 (16.6) | 56 (15.4) | 0.733 | 0.766 |
| Â | Diarrhea | 68 (28.2) | 78 (21.4) | 0.065 | 0.119 |
| Â | Abdominal pain | 21 (8.7) | 49 (13.5) | 0.091 | 0.151 |
| Â | No Symptoms | 10 (4.2) | 27 (7.4) | 0.119 | 0.182 |
| Â | Confusion, altered mental status | 18 (7.5) | 33 (9.1) | 0.551 | 0.619 |
| Â | Other | 46 (19.1) | 81 (22.2) | 0.361 | 0.436 |
Baseline Diseases | Cardiovascular Disease | 43 (17.8) | 109 (30.0) | < 0.001 | 0.004 |
|  | Hypertension | 102 (42.3) | 209 (57.4) | < 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Â | Diabetes Mellitus | 58 (24.1) | 111 (30.5) | 0.096 | 0.153 |
| Â | COPD | 27 (11.2) | 54 (14.8) | 0.223 | 0.298 |
| Â | Obesity | 37 (15.4) | 42 (11.5) | 0.177 | 0.242 |
| Â | Sickle Cell Disease | 0 (0.00) | 4 (1.1) | 0.155 | 0.216 |
| Â | Asthma | 11 (4.6) | 28 (7.7) | 0.132 | 0.195 |
| Â | Active Cancer | 9 (3.7) | 24 (6.6) | 0.146 | 0.208 |
| Â | Immunocompromised | 17 (7.0) | 41 (11.3) | 0.092 | 0.151 |
| Â | Other underlying disease | 77 (32.0) | 143 (39.3) | 0.070 | 0.125 |
CXR or Chest CT | Clear | 47 (19.5) | 144 (39.6) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Â | Unilateral infiltrate | 20 (8.3) | 49 (13.5) | Â | Â |
| Â | Multifocal infiltrates | 169 (70.1) | 157 (43.1) | Â | Â |
| Â | ARDS (ext. pulmonary edema) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.6) | Â | Â |
Severity | Mild | 45 (18.7) | 131 (36,0) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Â | Moderate | 46 (19.1) | 74 (20.3) | Â | Â |
| Â | Severe | 119 (49.4) | 143 (39.3) | Â | Â |
| Â | Critical | 31 (12.9) | 16 (4.4) | Â | Â |
Level of Care | Medical/Surgical Floor | 162 (67.2) | 270 (74.2) | 0.041 | 0.082 |
| Â | IMC | 55 (22.8) | 76 (20.9) | Â | Â |
| Â | MICU | 24 (10.0) | 18 (5.0) | Â | Â |
Days from Onset to Admission** |  | 7 (3, 10) | 3 (2, 7) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Days from PCR to Admission*** | Â | 0 (0, 1) | 0 (0, 0) | 0.009 | 0.027 |
| Â | Â | Mean (95% CI). | Mean (95% CI) | Â | Â |
Baseline Laboratory | O2 Saturation RA | 92.0%(88.0, 95.0) | 94.0%(90.0, 96.0) | < 0.001 | 0.001 |
Measurements | Respiratory Rate | 22.0/min (18.0, 28.0) | 20.0 (18.0, 25.0) | 0.012 | 0.033 |
| Â | NEWS-2 Score | 5.0 (3.0, 7.0) | 4.0 (2.0, 7.0) | 0.036 | 0.076 |
|  | WBC | 6200/µl (4400, 9200) | 6900/µl (5000, 9800) | 0.065 | 0.119 |
| Â | Neutrophils | 77.7% (68.9, 84.0) | 74.6% (64.20, 83.0) | 0.009 | 0.026 |
|  | Lymphocytes | 750/µl (500, 1175) | 880/µl (600, 1425) | 0.007 | 0.025 |
| Â | Creatinine | 0.96Â mg/dL (0.77, 1.27) | 1.01Â mg/dL (0.79, 1.45) | 0.239 | 0.312 |
|  | CRP | 70.0 mg/dL(30.6, 135.5) | 42.97 (12.89, 121.16) | < 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Â | Procalcitonin | 0.10 ng/mL (0.06, 0.24) | 0.10 ng/mL (0.05, 0.28) | 0.614 | 0.655 |
| Â | Baseline Rothman Score | 73.0 (59.0, 83.0) | 70.0 (51.0, 81.0) | 0.012 | 0.033 |
| Â | D dimer | 1.00Â mg/L (0.58, 1.98) | 1.08 (0.60, 1.84) | 0.832 | 0.845 |
Management | IV fluids | 67 (27.8) | 104 (28.6) | 0.854 | 0.854 |
| Â | Antibiotics | 113 (46.9) | 136 (37.4) | 0.023 | 0.050 |
| Â | Nasal O2 | 104 (43.2) | 122 (33.5) | 0.020 | 0.048 |
|  | High flow O2 | 59 (24.5) | 45 (12.4) | < 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Â | Remdesivir | 143 (59.3) | 260 (71.4) | 0.003 | 0.011 |
|  | Dexamethasone | 167 (69.3) | 181 (49.7) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Â | IL6 inhibitor | 10 (4.2) | 3 (0.8) | 0.008 | 0.026 |
| Â | Other | 17 (7.0) | 48 (13.2) | 0.022 | 0.050 |
| Â | Anticoagulation | 173 (71.8) | 297 (81.6) | 0.005 | 0.019 |
Death (All Cause) | In-hospital | 12 (5.0) | 26 (7.1) | 0.309 | 0.381 |
|  | In-hospital or ≤30 days of discharge | 15 (6.2) | 45 (12.4) | 0.018 | 0.043 |
Death (COVID-19) | In-hospital | 10 (4.2) | 21 (5.8) | 0.453 | 0.527 |
|  | In-hospital or ≥of discharge | 12 (5.0) | 26 (7.1) | 0.309 | 0.381 |