Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the cohort
Characteristic | Overall, N = 7151 | Co- or secondary infections | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
None, N = 6201 | One or more, N = 951 | ||||
Demographics | Age [years] | 74 (59, 83) | 75 (61, 84) | 66 (55, 78) |  < 0.0012 |
Male gender | 414 (58%) | 358 (58%) | 56 (59%) | 0.83 | |
Comorbidities | Charlson comorbidity index [score] | 4 (2, 6) | 4 (3, 6) | 3 (2, 5) | 0.0022 |
Ischaemic heart disease | 113 (16%) | 102 (16%) | 11 (12%) | 0.23 | |
Chronic lung disease | 121 (17%) | 108 (18%) | 13 (14%) | 0.43 | |
Diabetes mellitus | 221 (31%) | 190 (31%) | 31 (33%) | 0.73 | |
Renal replacement therapy | 31 (4%) | 25 (4%) | 6 (6%) | 0.34 | |
Immunocompromised5 | 30 (4%) | 25 (4%) | 5 (5%) | 0.64 | |
Haematological malignancy | 17 (2%) | 15 (2%) | 2 (2%) |  > 0.94 | |
Organ support | ICU admission | 138 (19%) | 82 (13%) | 56 (59%) |  < 0.0013 |
Vasopressor or inotropic support | 97 (14%) | 46 (7%) | 51 (54%) |  < 0.0013 | |
Non-invasive ventilation | 12 (2%) | 9 (1%) | 3 (3%) | 0.24 | |
Invasive ventilation | 109 (15%) | 55 (9%) | 54 (57%) |  < 0.0013 | |
Renal replacement therapy in ICU | 38 (5%) | 16 (3%) | 22 (23%) |  < 0.0013 | |
Immunosuppression during study | Received high-dose corticosteroids | 54 (8%) | 44 (7%) | 10 (11%) | 0.23 |
Received tocilizumab | 17 (2%) | 14 (2%) | 3 (3%) | 0.54 | |
Received high-dose corticosteroids or tocilizumab | 67 (9%) | 56 (9%) | 11 (12%) | 0.43 | |
Admission outcomes | Days of follow-up | 11 (5, 18) | 10 (5, 17) | 18 (11, 37) |  < 0.0012 |
In-hospital mortality | 261 (37%) | 215 (35%) | 46 (48%) | 0.013 | |