Table 1 Summary of the demographic characteristics of this study

58.80±9.63

57.09±8.77

<0.001

Gender n (%)

Female

2500 (43.3)

4667 (63.3)

<0.001

Male

3276 (56.7)

2704 (36.7)

Smoking status n (%)

Non smoker

369(77.8)

5418(74.2)

<0.001††

Ex–smoker

50(10.5)

527(7.2)

Current smoker

55(11.6)

1350(18.5)

BMI (Kg/m²)

28.56±4.58

28.36±4.88

0.026

SBP (mmHg)

135.90±21.11

134.84±20.75

<0.001

DBP (mmHg)

81.62±14.91

81.78±13.92

<0.001

Serum Zinc (mg/dl)

85.44±19.58

85.35±28.05

0.513†

Serum Copper (mg/dl)

105.13±37.43

103.99±38.20

0.582†

Serum Cr (mg/dl)

1.25±0.31

1.10±0.23

<0.001†

Serum BUN (mg/dl)

34.80±10.51

33.20±10.09

0.007

Serum Cholesterol (mg/dl)

200.36±47.50

205.89±44.69

<0.001

Serum Triglyceride (mg/dl)

149.35±88.41

147.36±80.36

<0.001

Serum Calcium (mg/dl)

9.66±0.52

9.67±0.58

0.021

FBG (mg/dl)

118.91±49.45

113.66±43.67

<0.001†

Serum hs-CRP (mg/l)

2.91±4.02

2.82±4.46

0.031†

Serum Phosphorus (mg/dl)

3.91±0.46

3.90±0.46

<0.001†

Serum HDL-C (mg/dl)

48.17±10.96

48.79±10.73

<0.001†

Serum LDL-C (mg/dl)

113.04±41.69

116.52±35.11

<0.001†

Serum AST (mg/dl)

22.55±9.76

22.10±9.22

<0.001

Serum ALT (mg/dl)

19.71±12.58

19.19±12.82

<0.001

Serum ALP (IU/l)

220.72±71.46

223.87±67.81

<0.001

Serum Gamma-GT (IU/l)

28.63±29.76

25.77±23.25

0.024†

Serum CPK (IU/l)

124.67±82.35

120.75±80.72

0.006†

Serum Direct Bilirubin (mg/dl)

0.25±0.10

0.25±0.13

<0.001

Serum Total Bilirubin (mg/dl)

0.86±0.36

0.83±0.32

<0.001†

Serum Iron (mcg/dl)

90.84±35.92

91.85±36.59

<0.001

Serum Magnesium (mg/dl)

2.32±0.25

2.35±0.25

<0.001†

Serum Uric Acid (mg/dl)

5.22±1.29

5.05±1.33

0.006

Hematologic parameters

WBC (×10³/µl)

6.26±1.61

6.38±2.02

<0.001†

RBC (×10³/µl)

4.87±0.52

4.86±0.48

<0.001

Hemoglobin (g/dl)

14.35±1.60

14.31±1.55

<0.001

Hematocrit (%)

41.67±3.99

41.65±3.90

<0.001

MCV (fl)

85.76±5.86

85.80±5.89

<0.001†

MCH (pg)

29.53±2.41

29.47±2.49

<0.001†

MCHC (g/dl)

34.43±1.62

34.33±1.69

<0.001

Platelets (×10³/µl)

238.05±58.08

242.78±62.43

<0.001

RDW (%)

13.26±1.07

13.24±1.17

<0.001†

PDW (%)

12.52±2.02

12.69±2.16

<0.001†

MPV (fl)

10.12±0.94

10.02±0.96

<0.001†