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Table 3 Factors associated with death among HIV-infected patients after ART initiation

From: The burden of anemia among Chinese HIV-infected patients following the initiation of antiretroviral therapy in the treat-all era: a nationwide cohort study

 

Death, N

Mortality rate

per 100 PY

Unadjusted HR (95%CI)

P value

Adjusted HR (95%CI)

P value

Overall

15,562

1.52

    

Anemia statusa

      

 No

6746

0.82

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Mild anemia

4363

3.40

4.31 (4.14,4.47)

< 0.001

2.65 (2.55,2.76)

< 0.001

 Moderate anemia

3614

5.45

7.14 (6.85,7.44)

< 0.001

4.60 (4.40,4.81)

< 0.001

 Sevre anemia

839

8.17

10.83 (10.07,11.64)

< 0.001

6.41 (5.94,6.91)

< 0.001

Age, years

      

 15–24

327

0.28

Ref

 

Ref

 

 25–49

4896

0.88

3.19 (2.85,3.56)

< 0.001

2.16 (1.93,2.42)

< 0.001

 ≥ 50

10,339

2.94

10.59 (9.48,11.82)

< 0.001

4.44 (3.96,4.98)

< 0.001

Sex

      

 Male

12,835

1.64

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Female

2727

1.14

0.69 (0.66,0.72)

< 0.001

0.49 (0.47,0.51)

< 0.001

Route of HIV transmission

      

 Homosexual contact

1294

0.46

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Heterosexual contact

13,617

1.93

4.23 (3.99,4.48)

< 0.001

1.90 (1.79,2.02)

< 0.001

 Injecting drug use

629

1.93

4.21 (3.83,4.64)

< 0.001

2.60 (2.36,2.87)

< 0.001

 Others/Missing

22

1.11

2.44 (1.60,3.71)

< 0.001

1.49 (0.98,2.27)

0.036

Baseline BMI, kg/m2

      

 ≥ 25

1122

0.88

Ref

 

Ref

 

 18.5–24.9

8583

1.43

1.62 (1.53,1.73)

< 0.001

1.22 (1.15,1.30)

< 0.001

 < 18.5

2791

2.74

3.12 (2.91,3.35)

< 0.001

1.70 (1.58,1.82)

< 0.001

 Missing

3066

1.58

1.80 (1.68,1.92)

< 0.001

1.23 (1.15,1.32)

< 0.001

Baseline eGFR, ml/min/1.73m2

      

 ≥ 90

9491

1.25

Ref

 

Ref

 

 60–89

3992

2.17

1.74 (1.67,1.80)

< 0.001

1.15 (1.11,1.20)

< 0.001

 < 60

1205

5.23

4.19 (3.95,4.45)

< 0.001

1.52 (1.43,1.63)

< 0.001

 Missing

874

1.52

1.25 (1.16,1.34)

< 0.001

1.22 (1.13,1.30)

< 0.001

Baseline OIs

      

 No

12,930

1.38

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Yes

2632

3.08

2.25 (2.15,2.34)

< 0.001

1.29 (1.24,1.35)

< 0.001

CD4+T cell count, cells/μLa

      

 ≥ 500

691

0.24

Ref

 

Ref

 

 350–499

868

0.43

1.79 (1.62,1.98)

< 0.001

1.33 (1.20,1.47)

< 0.001

 200–349

1570

0.76

3.13 (2.86,3.42)

< 0.001

1.62 (1.48,1.77)

< 0.001

 < 200

2790

2.29

9.23 (8.49,10.04)

< 0.001

2.82 (2.59,3.08)

< 0.001

 Missing

9643

4.80

22.68 (20.99,24.51)

< 0.001

4.18 (3.83,4.56)

< 0.001

Viral load, copies/mLa

      

 < 50

3279

0.47

Ref

 

Ref

 

 50–999

590

0.96

1.96 (1.79,2.14)

< 0.001

1.37 (1.26,1.50)

< 0.001

 1000–99,999

675

1.98

4.11 (3.78,4.46)

< 0.001

2.72 (2.51,2.96)

< 0.001

 ≥ 100,000

583

6.56

13.4 (12.27,14.63)

< 0.001

5.35 (4.89,5.86)

< 0.001

 Missing

10,435

4.65

11.39 (10.94,11.85)

< 0.001

4.76 (4.50,5.04)

< 0.001

NRTI Backbonea

      

 TDF

12,632

1.47

Ref

 

Ref

 

 AZT

2153

1.58

1.09 (1.04,1.14)

< 0.001

1.04 (0.99,1.09)

0.132

 ABC

260

3.21

2.18 (1.93,2.46)

< 0.001

1.03 (0.90,1.17)

0.690

 TAF

87

0.85

0.58 (0.47,0.71)

< 0.001

0.74 (0.59,0.94)

0.014

 Abnormal prescription/Missing

430

4.04

2.76 (2.51,3.04)

< 0.001

0.95 (0.85,1.06)

0.364

ART regimena

      

 NNRTI-based

13,437

1.47

Ref

 

Ref

 

 PI-based

1635

2.10

1.43 (1.36,1.51)

< 0.001

1.04 (0.98,1.10)

0.191

 INSTI-based

365

1.26

0.85 (0.77,0.94)

0.002

0.79 (0.70,0.89)

< 0.001

 Abnormal prescription/Missing

125

3.03

2.05 (1.72,2.45)

< 0.001

1.29 (1.08,1.55)

0.005

  1. a CD4+ T cell count, viral load, NRTI backbone, ART regimen and anemia status were time-dependent variables
  2. Abbreviation: ART, antiretroviral therapy; PY, person-years; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; OIs, opportunistic infections; TDF, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate; AZT, zidovudine; ABC, abacavir; TAF, tenofovir alafenamide; NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI, protease inhibitor; INSTI, integrase strand transfer inhibitor
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BMC Infectious Diseases

ISSN: 1471-2334

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