Table 1 Characteristics of the 13 RCTs

Zuhair S. Natto 2022 [21]

Saudi Arabia

RCT

30

15

37.3 ± 13.2

CHX;

PVP-I;

up to 5 min

①

Fernanda de Paula Eduardo 2021 [17]

Brazil

RCT

34

9

54.67 ± 12.46

CPC + Zn HP

CHX HP + CHX

60 in

①

Rosa Tarragó-Gil 2023 [24]

Spain

RCT

39

40

48.6 ± 15.5

CPC

2 h

①

Rola Elzein 2021 [18]

Lebanon

RCT

52

9

45.3 ± 16.7

CHX

PVP-I

Post-wash

①

Chaminda J. Seneviratne 2021 [11]

Singapore

RCT

14

2

39.97 ± 9.67

PVP-I

CHX

CPC

6 h

①

Sema Nur Sevinç Gül 2022 [23]

Turkey

RCT

41

20

51.67 ± 18.81

HClO, PVP-I

Post-wash

①

Denis Damião Costa 2022 [16]

Brazil

RCT

50

50

39.49 ± 12.69

CHX

60 min

①

Florence Carrouel 2021 [15]

France

RCT

88

88

43.06 ± 5.56

β-cyclodextrin and citrox

7 days

②

Manar M. Alzahrani 2023 [14]

Saudi Arabia

RCT

37

8

37.18 ± 10.93

PVP-I

CPC

H2O2

HOCl

60 min

②

A. Alemany 2022 [13]

Spain

RCT

40

40

45.95 ± 13.47

CPC

3 h

②

Toni Luise Meister 2022 [20]

Germany

RCT

18

6

29.13 ± 10.87

BAC

30 min

②

Álvaro Sánchez Barrueco 2022 [22]

Spain

RCT

34

10

61.71 ± 12.61

PVP-I

H2O2

CPC

CHX

7 days

②

Ferrer, M. D 2021 [19]

Korea

RCT

46

12

54.5 ± 17

PVP-I

H2O2

CPC

CHX

2 h

②