Table 2 RCTs, observational studies and case reports related to adverse events (AEs)
From: Diagnosis and treatment of “chronic Lyme”: primum non nocere
RCT | Krupp LB (2003) [15] | United States | 55 PTLDS patients 28 ceftriaxone IV Female 15/28 Median age 48 27 placebo Female 14/27 Median age 47 6 months | AEs: diarrhea ceftriaxone group 43% placebo group 25% Hospitalizations: 4 ceftriaxone group: 1 anaphylaxis, minor anaphylactic reactions: 2 placebo group: 3 IV catheter sepsis |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Observational studies | Itani O (2020) [12] | France | 15 patients Median age 44 15–89 years old Male: 4/15 On average 6.8 ABX / 476 days | AEs: 27% (n = 4) 1 clostridium difficile colitis 3 fungal infections |
Trautmann A (2020) [19] | France | 16 Disulfiram patients 21–70 years old Gender not available | Various and moderate AEs: 81.2% (n = 13) | |
Goodlet KJ (2018) [21] | United States | 3127 patients Age and gender not available Group 1: 1102 ABX per os Group 2: 150 IV Groupe 3: 1875 placebo | AEs: group 1: 18.7%, group 2: 16.8%, group 3: 13.4% Infections 20.4%, gastrointestinal disorders 6.2%, electrolyte disorders 2.6% Hospitalizations: group 1: 2.2%, group 2: 7.3%, group 3: 0.9% Emergencies: group 1: 3.4%, group 2: 11.3%, group 3: 1.9% | |
Cases report | Johnstone T (2018) [27] | Australia | 41-year-old woman Glutathion + Phosphatidylcholine | AEs: bacterial septicemia then Clostridium Difficile colitis |
Issacs D (2016) [28] | Australia | 15-year-old woman Hyperthermia and ABX IV | AEs: severe dehydration due to Clostridium Difficile diarrhea | |
Shelton A (2019) [29] | United States | 32-year-old woman ABX IV (rifabutin, metronidazole, ivermectin, and pyrimethamine) then ABX per os (meropenem, clindamycin, tigecycline, and ciprofloxacin) | AEs: Mycobacterium goodii multifocal pneumonia on central venous catheter | |
Marcks CM (2016) [30] | United States | 45-year-old woman ABX 3 months per os (doxycycline, minocycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole | AEs: DRESS Syndrome | |
De Wilde M (2017) [31] | Belgium | 76-year-old woman ceftriaxone IV | AEs: drug-induced immunohemolytic anemia | |
Patel R (2000) [20] | United States | 30-year-old woman Cefotaxime IV | AEs: large Candida parapsilosis septic thrombus |