Table 2 Risk factors for viral load suppression failure among patients on ART in Tanga

 Age group (yrs)

 15 – <25

2.40 (2.10 – 2.77)

<0.0001

2.82 (1.96 – 4.04)

<.0001

 25 – <35

Reference

Reference

 35 – <45

0.84 (0.74– 0.95)

0.009

0.81 (0.60 – 1.10)

0.29

 45 – <55

0.64 (0.56 – 0.73)

<0.0001

0.58 (0.43 – 0.79)

<0.0001

 55+

0.53 (0.45 – 0.61)

<0.0001

0.41 (0.28 – 0.57)

<0.0001

Sex

 Female

Reference

Reference

 Male

1.13 (1.03 – 1.23)

0.008

1.00 (0.82 – 1.22)

0.97

BMI group, kg/m²

 <18.5

2.25 (1.95 – 2.60)

<.0001

1.69 (1.23 – 2.30)

<0.0001

 18.5 – <25

Reference

Reference

 25 - <30

0.73 (0.63 – 0.85)

<.0001

0.65 (0.48 – 0.88)

 30+

0.51 (0.41 – 0.63)

<.0001

0.37 (0.23 – 0.59)

WHO stage

 I

Reference

Reference

 II

1.34 (1.15 – 1.57)

0.885

1.43 (1.00 – 2.04)

0.15

 III

1.28 (1.13 – 1.45)

0.233

1.07 (0.78 – 1.46)

0.03

 IV

1.84 (1.58 – 2.16)

<.0001

1.60 (1.12 – 2.24)

0.008

CD4 count, cells/mm³

 <350

3.31 (2.87 – 3.82)

<0.0001

2.61 (2.12 – 3.23)

<.0001

 350 – 500

1.51 (1.26 – 1.80)

0.02

1.76 (1.39 – 2.26)

0.40

 500+

Reference

Reference

Marital status

 Cohabiting

0.88 (0.65 – 1.20)

<0.13

1.04 (0.56 – 1.95)

0.488

 Divorced

0.59 (0.54 – 0.65)

<0.0001

0.70 (0.57 – 0.87)

0.02

 Married

Reference

Reference

 Single

0.57 (0.50 – 0.66)

<0.0001

0.84 (0.64 – 1.11)

0.66

District

 Handeni

1.05 (0.91 – 1.21)

0.578

1.39 (1.02 – 1.91)

0.02

 Kilindi

2.11 (1.78 – 2.49)

<0.0001

1.66 (1.15 – 2.40)

0.006

 Korogwe

0.95 (0.84 – 1.08)

0.193

0.88 (0.66 – 1.15)

0.07

 Lushoto

0.91 (0.78 – 1.06)

0.08

0.81 (0.56 – 1.17)

0.06

 Mkinga

0.76 (0.61 – 0.96)

0.004

0.75 (0.46 – 1.14)

0.06

 Muheza

0.75 (0.66 – 0.86)

<0.0001

0.99 (0.61 – 1.62)

0.75

 Pangani

1.05 (0.87 – 1.26)

0.73

1.35 (0.88 – 2.06)

0.17

 Tanga

Reference

Reference

Facility Level

 Hospital

Referenc

Reference

 Health Center

1.02 (0.89 – 1.15)

0.39

1.02 (0.78 – 1.33)

0.56

 Dispensary

1.11 (0.96 – 1.29)

0.08

1.20 (0.86 – 1.67)

0.23

ART duration (yrs)

 <=1

1.33 (1.11 – 1.61)

0.0027

1.14 (0.79 – 1.65)

0.47

 >1

Reference

Reference

Adherence

 Good

Reference

Reference

 Poor

<0.0001

1.98 (1.80 – 2.18)

<0.0001

DTG/TLD

 Yes

Reference

Reference

 No

9.34 (8.54 - 10.2)

<0.0001

11.8 (9.74 – 14.3)

<0.0001

Regimen

 First line

Reference

Reference

 Second line

4.33 (3.67 – 5.11)

<0.0001

0.61 (0.44 – 0.85)

0.003