Table 1 Sociodemographic, clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients (n = 522)
Characteristics | Total, n = 522 | Age group | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
≤ 15 years old, n = 257 | > 15 years old, n = 265 | |||
Female sex, n (%) | 286 | 135 (52.5) | 151 (57.0) | 0.307↟ |
Signs and symptoms, n (%) | ||||
Fever | 345 | 184 (72.7) | 161 (61.0) | 0.005↟ |
Diarrhea | 379 | 205 (80.7) | 174 (65.9) | < 0.001↟ |
Self-limited | 336 | 214 (81.1) | 230 (90.3) | 0.259↟ |
Persistent | 42 | 25 (11.0) | 17 (6.4) | 0.247↟ |
Chronic | 26 | 18 (7.9) | 8 (3.3) | 0.069↟ |
Emesis | 182 | 89 (35.2) | 93 (35.2) | 0.991↟ |
Abdominal pain | 205 | 67 (26.5) | 138 (52.3) | < 0.001↟ |
Dehydration | 156 | 76 (30.0) | 80 (30.3) | 0.948↟ |
Anorexy | 60 | 29 (11.5) | 31 (11.7) | 0.921↟ |
Loss of appetite | 131 | 61 (24.1) | 70 (26.5) | 0.530↟ |
Lethargy | 52 | 21 (8.3) | 31 (11.7) | 0.193↟ |
Respiratory symptoms | 79 | 46 (18.2) | 33 (12.5) | 0.073↟ |
Medical history, n (%) | ||||
Gastric surgery | 31 | 9 (3.5) | 22 (8.3) | 0.002↟ |
HIV | 7 | 1 (0.4) | 6 (2.3) | 0.123^ |
Cancer history | ||||
Solid organ cancer | 36 | 12 (4.7) | 24 (9.1) | 0.052↟ |
Hematological cancer | 60 | 16 (6.3) | 44 (16.6) | < 0.001↟ |
Chemotherapy last three months | 51 | 15 (5.9) | 36 (13.6) | 0.003↟ |
Solid organ transplant recipient | 35 | 10 (3.9) | 25 (9.4) | 0.013↟ |
Bone marrow transplant recipient | 21 | 4 (1.6) | 17 (6.4) | 0.006^ |
Inflammatory bowel disease | 9 | 5 (2.0) | 4 (1.5) | 0.747^ |
Chronic kidney disease | 50 | 13 (5.1) | 37 (14.0) | 0.001↟ |
Immunosuppressive therapy | 105 | 34 (13.4) | 71 (26.8) | < 0.001↟ |
Pernicious anemia | 10 | 0 | 10 (3.8) | 0.014↟ |
Sickle cell disease | 3 | 1 (0.4) | 2 (0.7) | 1.000^ |
Liver disease | 27 | 7 (2.8) | 20 (7.6) | 0.014↟ |
Type 2 diabetes | 32 | 6 (2.4) | 26 (9.8) | < 0.001^ |
Exposure, n (%) | ||||
Foodborne illness | 48 | 17 (6.7) | 31 (11.7) | 0.049↟ |
Travel in the last 3 months | 19 | 14 (5.5) | 5 (1.9) | 0.028↟ |
Antibiotic use in the last 30 days | 73 | 38 (15.0) | 35 (13.2) | 0.566↟ |
Clinical presentation, n (%) | ||||
Gastroenteric syndrome | 400 | 214 (84.3) | 186 (70.2) | < 0.001↟ |
Bacteremia | 120 | 49 (19.3) | 71 (26.8) | 0.043↟ |
Urinary tract infection | 30 | 6 (2.4) | 24 (9.1) | 0.001↟ |
Othera | 31 | 13 (5.1) | 18 (6.8) | 0.402↟ |
Microbiological characteristics, n (%) | ||||
Type of sample | ||||
Blood culture | 109 | 42 (16.5) | 67 (25.4) | < 0.001↟ |
Stool culture | 361 | 198 (78.0) | 163 (61.7) | |
Urine culture | 27 | 6 (2.4) | 21 (8.0) | |
Other | 21 | 8 (3.1) | 13 (4.9) | |
Salmonella spp. and salmonella serovars | ||||
Salmonella spp | 405 | 208 (81.8) | 197 (74.6) | 0.189^ |
Salmonella choleraesuis | 94 | 39 (15.4) | 55 (20.8) | |
Salmonella enteritidis | 5 | 1 (0.4) | 4 (1.5) | |
Salmonella typhi | 14 | 6 (2.4) | 8 (3.1) | |
Antibiogram performed | 470 | 233 (90.66) | 237 (89.43) | 0.640↟ |
Resistance to any antibiotic | 117 | 67 (28.76) | 50 (21.10) | 0.055↟ |
ESBL | 35 | 15 (8.8) | 20 (9.9) | 0.052↟ |
Positive CNPt | 2 | 2 (1.4) | 0 (0) | 0.068^ |
Positive NG-CARBA-5 | 1 | 1 (0.7) | 0 (0) | 0.074^ |
Clinical outcomes, n (%) | ||||
Overall mortality, n = 513 | 21 | 7 (2.8) | 14 (5.4) | 0.139↟ |
Hospitalization | 412 | 198 (77.3) | 214 (80.7) | 0.339↟ |
In-hospital complications | 60 | 17 (7.1) | 43 (16.7) | < 0.001↟ |
ICU | 125 | 41 (16.0) | 84 (31.7) | < 0.001↟ |