Table 1 Demographic and laboratory data of COVID-19 patients and healthy controls

Gender

Male

34 (37.8%)

48 (53.3%)

80 (44.4%)

χ² = 4.444

0.108

Female

56 (62.2%)

42 (46.7%)

100 (55.6%)

Age (years)

Mean ± SD.

65.46 ± 7.01

58.18 ± 17.36

61.56 ± 13.02

 F = 14.319^*

< 0.001^*

Sig.bet.Grps

P1 < 0.001^*,P2 = 0.056,P3 = 0.115

Vaccine

Yes

4

2

104

χ²=125.830

< 0.001^*

No

86

88

76

WBCs

4.00–11/(mcL)

Median (IQR)

10.0 (7.50–13.20)

10.90 (7.50–14.50)

8.55 (6.90–9.30)

H = 40.927^*

< 0.001^*

Sig.bet.Grps

P1 = 0.685,P2 < 0.001^*,P3 < 0.001^*

Platelet

150–400/(mcL)

Median (IQR)

205.0 (152.0–249.0)

231.0 (168.0–311.0)

313.50 (278.0–364.0)

H = 90.737^*

< 0.001^*

Sig.bet.Grps

P1 = 0.030^*,P2 < 0.001^*,P3 < 0.001^*

HB (g/dl)

Male: 14–18 g/dL

Female: 12–16 g/dL

Mean ± SD.

10.64 ± 1.87

11.56 ± 2.13

12.89 ± 1.42

 F = 53.898^*

< 0.001^*

Sig.bet.Grps

P1 < 0.001^*,P2 < 0.001^*,P3 < 0.001^*

SGOT (U/L)

8–45 (U/L)

Median (IQR)

37.0 (25.0–63.0)

38.0 (29.0–65.0)

24.0 (19.0–31.0)

H = 72.280^*

< 0.001^*

Sig.bet.Grps

P1 = 0.682,P2 < 0.001^*,P3 < 0.001^*

SGPT (U/L)

7–56 (U/L)

Median (IQR)

27.0 (18.0–38.0)

33.0 (21.0–51.0)

31.0 (23.0–24.0)

H = 6.769^*

0.034^*

P1 = 0.011^*,P2 = 0.057,P3 = 0.301

BUN (mg/dL)

6–24 mg/dL

Median (IQR)

45.0 (22.0–73.0)

27.0 (18.0–41.0)

20.0 (17.0–22.0)

H = 91.340^*

< 0.001^*

Sig.bet.Grps

P1 = 0.0190^*,P2 < 0.001^*,P3 < 0.001^*

Creatinine (mg/dL)

Male: 0.6-1.2 mg/dL

Female: 0.5 to 1.1 mg/dL

Median (IQR)

1.30 (0.85–1.94)

0.90 (0.70–1.50)

1.00 (0.90–1.10)

H = 22.511^*

< 0.001^*

Sig.bet.Grps

P1 < 0.001^*,P2 < 0.001^*,P3 = 0.808

Na+ (mEq/L)

135–145 (mEq/L)

Mean ± SD.

140.19 ± 5.45

138.09 ± 5.75

139.27 ± 2.80

 F = 5.100^*

< 0.001^*

Sig.bet.Grps

P1 < 0.001^*,P2 = 0.242, P3 = 0.242

 K+ (mEq/L)

3.5–5.3 (mEq/L)

Mean ± SD.

4.45 ± 0.70

4.23 ± 0.71

4.14 ± 0.53

 F = 7.298^*

< 0.001^*

Sig.bet.Grps

P1 = 0.070,P2 < 0.001^*,P3 = 0.518

TG (mg/dL)

Male: 40–160 mg/dL

Female: 35–135 mg/dL

Median (IQR)

130.0 (109.0–138.0)

124.0 (104.0–162.0)

108.0 (102.50–123.0)

H = 41.027^*

< 0.001^*

Sig.bet.Grps

P1 = 0.269,P2 < 0.001^*,P3 = 0.001^*

Cholesterol (mg/dL)

125–200 mg/dL

Median (IQR)

117.0 (94.0–134.0)

110.0 (98.0–133.0)

158.50 (149.0–172.0)

H = 182.552^*

< 0.001^*

Sig.bet.Grps

P1 = 0.436, P2 < 0.001^*,P3 < 0.001^*

HDL (mg/dL)

Male: 35–55 mg/dL

Female: 45–65 mg/dL

Median (IQR)

35.0 (30.0–42.50)

33.50 (28.0–42.0)

49.15 (45.80–55.90)

H = 145.707^*

< 0.001^*

Sig.bet.Grps

P1 = 0.981, P2 < 0.001^*, P3 < 0.001^*

LDL (mg/dL)

< 130 mg/dL

Median (IQR)

48.0 (38.46–68.40)

50.40 (37.76–63.0)

88.0 (77.78–94.60)

H = 161.798^*

< 0.001^*

Sig.bet.Grps

P1 = 0.551, P2 < 0.001^*, P3 < 0.001^*

PC%

Mean ± SD.

73.29 ± 17.8946

78.78 ± 16.8114

96.51 ± 2.8254

 F = 126.690^*

< 0.001^*

Sig.bet.Grps

P1 < 0.001^*,P2 < 0.001^*,P3 < 0.001^*

INR

0.9–1.1

Median (IQR)

1.20 (1.10–1.40)

1.16 (1.05–1.30)

1.03 (1.0–1.06)

H = 125.254^*

< 0.001^*

Sig.bet.Grps

P1 = 0.130, P2 < 0.001^*, P3 < 0.001^*

CRP (mg/L)

< 3 mg/L

Median (IQR)

60.0 (24.0–96.0)

48.0 (17.0–94.0)

4.50 (2.0–7.0)

H = 194.747^*

< 0.001^*

Sig.bet.Grps

P1 = 0.044^*,P2 < 0.001^*,P3 < 0.001^*

Ferritin (µg/L)

Male: 24–336 (µg/L)

Female: 11–307 (µg/L)

Median (IQR)

445.0 (294.0–700.0)

420.0 (214.0–657.0)

93.0 (88.0–100.0)

H = 214.915^*

< 0.001^*

Sig.bet.Grps

P1 = 0.030^*,P2 < 0.001^*,P3 < 0.001^*

D- dimer (µg/mL)

0-0.50 (µg/mL)

Median (IQR)

0.94 (0.80–1.54)

0.81 (0.6–2.20)

0.20 (0.15–0.23)

H = 243.755^*

< 0.001^*

Sig.bet.Grps

P1 = 0.077,P2 < 0.001^*,P3 < 0.001^*