Table 2 The serum metabolites (arranged by compound class) and the associated descriptive statistics that best describe the variation between the groups compared in this study
Compound | Mean peak intensity (standard deviation) | ANOVA p-value (FDR) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HIV-/TB-/Tn- (n = 24) | HIV-/TB + /Tn- (n = 22) | HIV + /TB + /Tn- (n = 7) | HIV + /TB + /Tn + (n = 12) | ||
Lipids and lipid-like molecules | |||||
 Glycerol-3-phosphate | 0.653 (0.588) | -0.091 (0.79) | -1.063 (1.4) | -0.52 (0.934) | 0.001 |
 Alpha-Linolenic acid | 0.597 (0.901) | -0.215 (0.59) | -1.257 (1.2) | -0.067 (0.89) | 0.001 |
 3-Hydroxyisovaleric acid | 0.711 (0.672) | -0.36 (1.094) | -0.669 (0.998) | -0.372 (0.497) | 0.002 |
 9,12-Octadecadien-1-ol, (Z,Z)-/Linoleyl alcohol | -0.57 (0.742) | 0.075 (0.953) | 1.059 (0.906) | 0.384 (0.943) | 0.005 |
 1,E-11,Z-13-Octadecatriene | 0.653 (0.905) | -0.242 (0.817) | -0.516 (0.702) | -0.561 (0.999) | 0.005 |
 Glycerol monostearate | 0.526 (0.609) | -0.009 (0.703) | -0.735 (2.037) | -0.606 (0.698) | 0.014 |
 1-Monopalmitin | 0.6 (0.499) | -0.23 (0.86) | -0.672 (1.318) | -0.386 (1.264) | 0.014 |
 Octanoic acid | -0.473 (0.64) | 0.111 (0.917) | 1.086 (1.383) | 0.109 (1.019) | 0.021 |
 Hexadecanoic acid/Palmitic acid | 0.602 (0.463) | -0.345 (1.287) | -0.233 (0.839) | -0.435 (0.745) | 0.022 |
 Nonanamide (amide of nonanoic acid) | 0.406 (0.737) | -0.044 (0.571) | -1.177 (2.215) | -0.045 (0.366) | 0.022 |
 N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-Decanamide | 0.537 (0.816) | -0.143 (0.972) | -0.834 (0.946) | -0.326 (0.951) | 0.023 |
 Arachidonic acid | 0.536 (0.792) | -0.303 (1.055) | -0.746 (1.367) | -0.082 (0.435) | 0.030 |
 Eicosapentaenoic acid | 0.429 (0.834) | -0.01 (0.859) | -1.007 (1.011) | -0.252 (1.132) | 0.041 |
 E,E-1,9,17-Docasatriene | 0.524 (0.861) | -0.483 (0.991) | -0.206 (0.916) | -0.042 (0.917) | 0.043 |
Organic acids and derivatives | |||||
 3,4-Dihydroxybutyric acid | -0.877 (0.412) | 0.291 (0.789) | 1.206 (1.159) | 0.517 (0.693) |  < 0.0001 |
 2-Propenoic acid, 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl ester/Dimethylaminoethyl acrylate | 0.715 (0.805) | -0.325 (0.882) | -0.63 (0.946) | -0.467 (0.822) | 0.001 |
 Cyclobutanecarboxylic acid, 2-dimethylaminoethyl ester | 0.622 (0.65) | -0.25 (1.024) | -0.843 (0.89) | -0.295 (0.992) | 0.007 |
 2,4-Dihydroxybutyric acid | 0.092 (0.407) | 0.464 (0.772) | -0.259 (0.482) | -0.882 (1.694) | 0.015 |
 Carbonic acid, 2-dimethylaminoethyl propyl ester | 0.299 (0.529) | 0.201 (0.609) | -1.216 (2.01) | -0.258 (1.015) | 0.019 |
 Pyruvate | 0.549 (0.68) | -0.161 (1.063) | -0.698 (1.18) | -0.397 (0.862) | 0.025 |
 2-Hydroxyethyl palmitate | 0.548 (0.699) | -0.241 (1.043) | -0.762 (1.249) | -0.211 (0.824) | 0.029 |
 1,2-Butanediol | -0.544 (0.851) | 0.488 (1.012) | 0.07 (0.608) | 0.152 (0.998) | 0.032 |
 Hydracrylic acid/Hydroxypropionic acid | -0.489 (0.862) | 0.032 (0.779) | 0.678 (1.427) | 0.525 (0.938) | 0.039 |
 Carbonic acid, 2-dimethylaminoethyl ethyl ester | -0.26 (0.736) | 0.151 (1.186) | 1.08 (1.067) | -0.388 (0.53) | 0.042 |
 2-Aminobutanoic acid | 0.48 (0.814) | -0.04 (0.838) | -0.479 (1.071) | -0.609 (1.186) | 0.050 |
Amino acids | |||||
 DL-Phenylalanine | -0.774 (0.594) | 0.317 (0.882) | 0.927 (0.72) | 0.427 (1.028) |  < 0.001 |
 L-Lysine | 0.592 (0.649) | -0.003 (0.635) | -1.065 (1.408) | -0.556 (1.125) | 0.001 |
 L-Proline | 0.633 (0.644) | -0.115 (0.785) | -0.466 (0.534) | -0.784 (1.382) | 0.003 |
 Phenylalanine | 0.667 (0.656) | -0.352 (1.035) | -0.784 (1.144) | -0.232 (0.701) | 0.004 |
 L-Hydroxyproline | -0.577 (0.653) | 0.131 (1.047) | 1.093 (0.72) | 0.275 (0.974) | 0.004 |
 L-Tryptophan | 0.585 (0.88) | -0.363 (0.926) | -0.82 (1.177) | -0.027 (0.606) | 0.011 |
 L-Threonine | 0.508 (0.557) | -0.047 (0.752) | -1.021 (1.608) | -0.333 (1.153) | 0.013 |
 L-Methionine | 0.574 (0.836) | -0.266 (0.937) | -0.802 (0.448) | -0.193 (1.123) | 0.015 |
Organoheterocyclic compounds | |||||
 Tetrahydrofuran | 0.797 (0.49) | -0.13 (0.588) | -1.057 (0.915) | -0.739 (1.212) |  < 0.0001 |
 1,2,4,5-Tetrazine-3,6-diamin | 0.273 (0.556) | 0.39 (0.617) | -0.352 (0.997) | -1.055 (1.463) | 0.003 |
 D-Erythro-Pentofuranose | 0.588 (0.705) | -0.132 (0.951) | -0.84 (1.287) | -0.445 (0.832) | 0.010 |
 Indole-3-lactic acid | -0.607 (0.981) | 0.445 (1.043) | -0.07 (0.379) | 0.44 (0.484) | 0.011 |
 1H-Indole-3-acetic acid | 0.564 (0.761) | -0.205 (1.111) | -0.674 (0.951) | -0.358 (0.74) | 0.026 |
 D-Rhamnose | 0.209 (0.526) | 0.288 (0.511) | -1.154 (1.995) | -0.273 (1.175) | 0.030 |
 2-Amino-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-ol | 0.49 (0.777) | -0.288 (0.869) | -0.786 (1.505) | 0.007 (0.893) | 0.043 |
 3-Indolepropionic acid | 0.364 (0.99) | 0.038 (0.914) | -1.058 (0.798) | -0.182 (0.887) | 0.050 |
Organic oxygen compounds | |||||
 1-Deoxypentitol | -0.499 (0.805) | -0.255 (0.78) | 1.133 (1.181) | 0.805 (0.584) |  < 0.001 |
 Glucuronic acid | -0.65 (0.764) | 0.296 (0.937) | 0.996 (1.02) | 0.176 (0.769) | 0.002 |
 Glycerol (103) | -0.492 (0.948) | 0.308 (0.76) | 1.171 (0.837) | -0.264 (0.888) | 0.004 |
 3,6-Dimethyl-octan-2-one | 0.601 (0.468) | -0.286 (0.959) | -0.943 (1.713) | -0.126 (0.685) | 0.005 |
 Glycerol (73) | 0.663 (0.748) | -0.41 (1.02) | -0.414 (0.975) | -0.333 (0.786) | 0.005 |
 D-Lyxose | -0.58 (0.921) | 0.119 (0.902) | 0.973 (0.818) | 0.373 (0.782) | 0.009 |
 Benzoic acid | 0.613 (0.717) | -0.224 (1.056) | -0.663 (0.888) | -0.428 (0.886) | 0.011 |
 Dodecanal/Lauric aldehyde | 0.28 (0.489) | 0.187 (0.629) | -1.266 (2.109) | -0.164 (0.919) | 0.017 |
 D-Mannitol | 0.312 (0.772) | 0.229 (0.952) | -0.945 (1.424) | -0.493 (0.767) | 0.032 |
 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol | 0.563 (0.828) | -0.31 (0.978) | -0.52 (1.179) | -0.255 (0.821) | 0.032 |
Benzenoids | |||||
 2,4-Di-tert-butyl-phenol | 0.717 (0.775) | -0.648 (0.778) | -0.47 (1.212) | 0.029 (0.707) | <0.001 |
 m-Cresol | 0.412 (0.665) | -0.007 (1.078) | -1.033 (1.466) | -0.209 (0.639) | 0.042 |
Organic nitrogen compounds | |||||
 Cadaverine | 0.621 (0.682) | -0.367 (0.971) | -0.57 (1.238) | -0.238 (0.912) | 0.011 |