Fig. 8

A visual summary of the potential effects of HIV infection and its treatment on patients with TB, as elucidated by this metabolomics investigation. A Shown are the implications of the metabolites found to be significantly different between the untreated TB and untreated HIV/TB co-infected groups, representing the effect of HIV infection on an individual who already has TB. B The implications of the metabolites found to be significantly different between the untreated and ART-treated HIV/TB co-infected groups, representing the effect of ART on HIV/TB co-infection. Although ART improved the effects of HIV infection to some extent, implying that some metabolites returned to a value closer to, but not equal to, those of healthy controls, many metabolites were unaffected by ART