Table 1 Baseline characteristics

Age ≥ 65

251(53.1%)

29(54.7%)

92(53.2%)

130(52.6%)

0.9619

Gender Male

278(58.8%)

35(66.0%)

99(57.2%)

144(58.3%)

0.5101

Admission Diagnosis^a

 Septic shock or parasitic diseases

24(5.1%)

4(7.6%)

7(4.1%)

13(5.3%)

0.5854

 Neoplasms

40(8.5%)

2(3.8%)

10(5.8%)

28(11.3%)

0.0565

 Diseases of the blood or blood-forming organs

10(2.1%)

1(1.9%)

2(1.2%)

7(2.8%)

0.4968

 Diseases of the immune system

10(2.1%)

2(3.8%)

2(1.2%)

6(2.4%)

0.4514

 Endocrine, nutritional or metabolic diseases

39(8.3%)

4(7.6%)

19(11.0%)

16(6.5%)

0.2506

 Mental, behavioral or neuro-developmental disorders

10(2.1%)

0

4(2.3%)

6(2.4%)

0.5231

 Diseases of the nervous system

76(16.1%)

11(20.8%)

29(16.8%)

36(14.6%)

0.5134

 Diseases of the circulatory system

82(17.3%)

12(22.6%)

32(18.5%)

38(15.4%)

0.3945

 Diseases of the respiratory system

153(32.3%)

12(22.6%)

54(31.2%)

87(35.2%)

0.1905

 Diseases of the digestive system

69(14.6%)

4(7.6%)

25(14.5%)

40(16.2%)

0.2694

 Diseases of the skin

15(3.2%)

1(1.9%)

6(3.5%)

8(3.2%)

0.8445

 Diseases of the musculoskeletal system or connective tissue

34(7.2%)

3(5.7%)

14(8.1%)

17(6.9%)

0.8057

 Diseases of the genitourinary system

49(10.4%)

4(7.6%)

25(14.5%)

20(8.1%)

0.0850

 Pregnancy, childbirth or the puerperium

4(0.9%)

1(1.9%)

0

3(1.2%)

0.2778

 Other

48(10.2%)

6(11.3%)

15(8.7%)

27(10.9%)

0.7188

Underlying diseases

353(74.6%)

37(69.8%)

135(78.0%)

181(73.3%)

0.3777

 Chronic pulmonary disease

67(19.0%)

6(16.2%)

29(21.5%)

32(17.7%)

0.4470

 Chronic hepatic disease

48(13.6%)

3(8.1%)

24(17.8%)

21(11.6%)

0.1035

 Chronic renal failure

69(19.5%)

7(18.9%)

28(20.7%)

34(18.8%)

0.7522

 Diabetes mellitus

111(31.4%)

12(32.4%)

51(37.8%)

48(26.5%)

0.0567

 Cardiovascular disease

232(65.7%)

27(73.0%)

87(64.4%)

118(65.2%)

0.8422

 Solid tumor

68(19.3%)

4(10.8%)

21(15.6%)

43(23.8%)

0.1024

 Hematologic malignancy

10(2.8%)

2(5.4%)

2(1.5%)

6(3.3%)

0.4514

 Cerebrovascular disease

106(30.0%)

14(37.8%)

40(29.6%)

52(28.7%)

0.6700

 Chronic gastrointestinal disease

5(1.4%)

0

2(1.5%)

3(1.7%)

0.7258

 Other

36(10.2%)

4(10.8%)

18(13.3%)

14(7.7%)

0.1973

Immunosuppression status^b

60(17.0%)

5(9.4%)

16(9.3%)

39(15.8%)

0.1054

Histories of antibiotic exposure^c

304(64.3%)

40(75.5%)

108(62.4%)

156(63.2%)

0.1935