Table 2 Multinomial logistic regression showing the Relative Risk Ratios for the associations between HIV serostatus, anemia status, sociodemographic factors and nutritional status (based on BMI) among women of reproductive age in Ethiopia using the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data (N = 8822)

Variables

Underweight

RRR (95% CI)

Overweight

RRR (95% CI)

Underweight

RRR (95% CI)

Overweight

RRR (95% CI)

HIV Serostatus

HIV-positive

1.14 (0.71, 1.83)

0.75 (0.23, 2.44)

3.82 (1.58, 9.26) ^*

1.18 (0.46, 3.06)

HIV negative

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Parity

≥ 4

0.99 (0.88, 1.12)

1.12 (0.86, 1.45)

0.92(0.69, 1.21)

1.26 (1.03, 1.55) ^*

≤ 3

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Anemia status

Anemic

1.24 (1.10, 1.40) ^*

1.14 (0.87, 1.49)

1.59 (1.19, 2.13) ^*

0.77 (0.60, 0.97) ^*

Not Anemic

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Educational Level

Primary

0.97 (0.84, 1.13)

1.01 (0.74, 1.38)

0.97 (0.69, 1.37)

1.52 (1.18, 1.97) ^*

Secondary

1.89 (1.37, 2.59) ^*

3.34 (1.97, 5.66) ^*

0.94 (0.63, 1.40)

2.08,(1.58, 2.76) ^*

Higher

2.25 (1,11, 4.56) ^*

6.65 (2.95, 14.99) ^*

1.11(0.70, 1.75)

2.31 (1.69, 3.15) ^*

No education

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Household head

Male

0.94 (0.81, 1.10)

0.68 (0.50, 0.93) ^*

0.86 (0.63, 1.17)

0.98 (0.78, 1.24)

Female

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Age (years)

25–34

0.73 (0.62, 0.86) ^*

1.99 (1.29, 3.08) ^*

0.50 (0.36, 0.71) ^*

2.87 (1.98, 4.17) ^*

≥ 35

0.89 (0.76, 1.05)

2.46 (1.58, 3.85) ^*

0.45 (0.31, 0.66) ^*

5.53 (3.79, 8.05) ^*

≤ 24

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Wealth index

Rich

0.56 (0.48, 0.65) ^*

1.81 (1.37, 2.39) ^*

0.53 (0.32, 0.85) ^*

4.65 (2.19, 9.85) ^*

Middle

0.65 (0.56, 0.76) ^*

0.81 (0.56, 1.18)

1.06 (0.42, 2.64)

0.80 (0.16, 4.13)

Poor

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Marital Status

Single

1.08 (0.89, 1.32)

0.97 (0.65, 1.46)

1.06 (0.74, 1.50)

0.75 (0.57, 0.97) ^*

Married

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00