Table 3 IED during the 12-month observation period

All-cause medical resource utilization (excluding index encounter)

Inpatient stays, mean ± SD [median]

0.7 ± 1.2 [0.0]

0.0 ± 1.1 [0.0]

0.7 ± 1.2 [0.0]

< 0.0001

0.6 ± 1.2 [0.0]

0.7 ± 1.2 [0.0]

< 0.0001

0 stays, n (%)

12,498 (63.2)

6,752 (66.0)

5,746 (60.2)

< 0.0001

3,888 (65.0)

5,746 (60.2)

< 0.0001

1 stay, n (%)

4,139 (20.9)

2,070 (20.2)

2,069 (21.7)

0.0113

1,216 (20.3)

2,069 (21.7)

0.0450

≥ 2 stays, n (%)

3,136 (15.9)

1,413 (13.8)

1,723 (18.1)

< 0.0001

874 (14.6)

1,723 (18.1)

< 0.0001

Number of inpatient days among patients who had ≥ 1 stay, mean ± SD [median]

10.6 ± 11.6 [7.0]

9.7 ± 10.8 [6.0]

11.4 ± 12.2 [7.0]

< 0.0001

10.2 ± 10.9 [6.0]

11.4 ± 12.2 [7.0]

< 0.0001

Primary diagnosis recorded during an inpatient stay, n (%)

Invasive infectious disease-related

2,799 (38.5)

1,458 (41.9)

1,341 (35.4)

< 0.0001

880 (42.1)

1,341 (35.4)

< 0.0001

IED recurrence

465 (6.4)

221 (6.3)

244 (6.4)

0.8761

135 (6.5)

244 (6.4)

0.9705

Other infectious invasive disease (i.e., not IED)

2,456 (33.8)

1,294 (37.2)

1,162 (30.6)

< 0.0001

783 (37.5)

1,162 (30.6)

< 0.0001

Other infectious disease

119 (1.6)

63 (1.8)

56 (1.5)

0.2648

41 (2.0)

56 (1.5)

0.1622

Other disease-related

Neoplasms

269 (3.7)

160 (4.6)

109 (2.9)

0.0001

91 (4.4)

109 (2.9)

0.0027

Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism

169 (2.3)

79 (2.3)

90 (2.4)

0.7659

59 (2.8)

90 (2.4)

0.2936

Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases

412 (5.7)

166 (4.8)

246 (6.5)

0.0015

99 (4.7)

246 (6.5)

0.0062

Mental, behavioral, and neurodevelopmental disorders

88 (1.2)

21 (0.6)

67 (1.8)

< 0.0001

15 (0.7)

67 (1.8)

0.0010

Diseases of the nervous system

300 (4.1)

120 (3.4)

180 (4.7)

0.0053

72 (3.4)

180 (4.7)

0.0183

Diseases of the eye and adnexa

3 (0.0)

2 (0.1)

1 (0.0)

0.6097

1 (0.0)

1 (0.0)

-

Diseases of the ear and mastoid process

3 (0.0)

2 (0.1)

1 (0.0)

0.6097

2 (0.1)

1 (0.0)

0.2890

Diseases of the circulatory system

1,620 (22.3)

678 (19.5)

942 (24.8)

< 0.0001

413 (19.8)

942 (24.8)

< 0.0001

Diseases of the respiratory system

1,049 (14.4)

448 (12.9)

601 (15.8)

0.0003

265 (12.7)

601 (15.8)

0.0010

Diseases of the digestive system

1,035 (14.2)

526 (15.1)

509 (13.4)

0.0406

334 (16.0)

509 (13.4)

0.0074

Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue

204 (2.8)

88 (2.5)

116 (3.1)

0.1693

54 (2.6)

116 (3.1)

0.2976

Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue

245 (3.4)

131 (3.8)

114 (3.0)

0.0746

74 (3.5)

114 (3.0)

0.2648

Diseases of the genitourinary system

1,535 (21.1)

680 (19.5)

855 (22.5)

0.0016

392 (18.8)

855 (22.5)

0.0007

Emergency room visits, mean ± SD [median]

0.4 ± 1.1 [0.0]

0.4 ± 1.0 [0.0]

0.4 ± 1.2 [0.0]

0.0052

0.4 ± 0.9 [0.0]

0.4 ± 1.2 [0.0]

0.7793

0 visits, n (%)

15,437 (78.1)

7,908 (77.3)

7,529 (78.9)

0.0045

4,705 (78.7)

7,529 (78.9)

0.7310

1 visit, n (%)

2,673 (13.5)

1,433 (14.0)

1,240 (13.0)

0.0398

788 (13.2)

1,240 (13.0)

0.7447

≥ 2 visits, n (%)

1,663 (8.4)

894 (8.7)

769 (8.1)

0.0888

485 (8.1)

769 (8.1)

0.9104

Outpatient hospital visits, mean ± SD [median]

1.6 ± 5.1 [0.0]

1.9 ± 5.8 [0.0]

1.4 ± 4.1 [0.0]

< 0.0001

1.8 ± 4.6 [0.0]

1.4 ± 4.1 [0.0]

< 0.0001

0 visits, n (%)

12,974 (65.6)

6,237 (60.9)

6,737 (70.6)

< 0.0001

3,708 (62.0)

6,737 (70.6)

< 0.0001

1 visit, n (%)

2,292 (11.6)

1,311 (12.8)

981 (10.3)

< 0.0001

736 (12.3)

981 (10.3)

< 0.0001

≥ 2 visits, n (%)

4,507 (22.8)

2,687 (26.3)

1,820 (19.1)

< 0.0001

1,534 (25.7)

1,820 (19.1)

< 0.0001

IED recurrence, n (%)

477 (2.4)

229 (2.2)

248 (2.6)

0.0967

140 (2.3)

248 (2.6)

0.3161

Duration from index date to first recurrence (months), mean ± SD [median]

4.6 ± 3.3 [3.6]

4.5 ± 3.3 [3.4]

4.7 ± 3.4 [3.7]

0.8018

4. 6 ± 3.3 [3.5]

4.7 ± 3.4 [3.7]

0.9756