Table 1 Baseline characteristics

Mean age (Y)

31.65 ± 13.57

34.60 ± 14.73

0.025*

Gender (n, %)

 Male

188 (80.86)

190 (81.54)

0.812

 Female

45 (19.31)

43 (18.45)

0.812

Comorbidities (n, %)

 Neurogenic bladder

214 (91.84)

231 (99.14)

0.0001*

 Diabetes

24 (10.30)

27 (11.58)

0.658

 Hypertension

11 (4.72)

17 (7.29)

0.243

 Dyslipidemia

7 (3)

5 (2.14)

0.557

 Other*

46 (19.74)

4 (1.71)

< 0.0001*

Drug history (n, %)

 Antimuscarinic

96 (41.20)

141 (60.51)

< 0.0001*

 Antibiotics

133 (57.08)

2 (0.85)

< 0.0001*

 Alpha-blocker

11 (4.72)

11 (4.72)

1

 Other^a

62 (26.60)

-

-

Voiding method (n, %)

 Clean intermittent catheterization

121 (51.93)

124 (54.69)

0.550

 Free voiding

99 (42.4)

84 (36.06)

0.1608

 Suprapubic

6 (2.57)

19 (8.15)

0.007*

 Indwelling

7 (3)

6 (2.57)

0.778

Number of past urinary tract infections (n, %)

 0

15 (6.43)

39 (16.73)

0.0005*

 1

88 (37.76)

97 (41.63)

0.393

 2

97 (41.63)

59 (25.32)

0.0002*

 3

12 (5.15)

23 (9.87)

0.053

 4

7 (3)

6 (2.57)

0.778

 ≥ 5

14 (6)

8 (3.43)

0.191

Surgical procedure (n, %)

 Cystoscopy

77 (33.04)

149 (63.94)

< 0.0001

 Cytobotox

80 (34.33)

45 (19.31)

0.0003

 Cystolitholapaxy

14 (6.00)

19 (8.15)

0.3980

 Urodynamic study

61 (26.18)

14 (6.00)

< 0.0001

 Minor procedure (type not reported)

1 (0.42)

6 (2.57)

0.0561