Table 5 Characteristics of other proposed vaccine studies
Author | Year | Country | Type of study | Host | Vaccine immunogen content | Vaccine dose | Route | Prescribed number | Laboratory method | Main findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Franchini, G | 1995 | USA | in vivo | New Zealand White rabbits | attenuated poxvirus vaccine vectors (ALVAC and NYVAC) with the use of Gp63 | \(10^7\)Â plaque-forming units [PFU] | IM | 2 immunizations were performed with 1Â month interval | IFA, PCR, syncytia inhibition assay | The results indicated that two inoculations of the ALVAC-based HTLV-1 env vaccine candidate protected animals against viral challenge 5Â months following the last immunization |
Kuo, C. W | 2011 | Scotland | NA | NA | recombinant surface glycoprotein (gp46) attached to the Fc region of human IgG (sRgp46-Fc | soluble recombinant surface glycoprotein (gp46, SU) fused to the Fc region of human IgG (sRgp46-Fc) | NA | NA | ELISA, Western blot, Syncytium interference assay, Flow cytometry, | High titer Ab responses/ Many of these mAbs recognize envelope displayed on the surface of HTLV-1–infected cells / mAbs robustly antagonize envelope-mediated membrane fusion and neutralize pseudovirus infectivity/ Potent neutralizing mAbs recognize the N-terminal receptor-binding domain / Both neutralizing and poorly neutralizing Abs strongly stimulate neutrophil-mediated cytotoxic responses to HTLV-1–infected cells |
Fujii, H | 2016 | Japan | in vivo | Strains of SD rats | anti gp46 (191–196)antibody | 25 mg/head of either LAT-27 or isotype control mAb two times | IP | two times on –7 d and –2 d of delivery | ELISA, qPCR, Flow Cytometry, SIA | When humanized immunodeficient mice were pre-infused intravenously with humanized LAT-27 (hu-LAT-27), all the mice completely resisted HTLV-I infection. These results indicate that hu-LAT-27 may have a potential for passive immunization against both horizontal and mother-to-child vertical infection with HTLV-I |
Ishizawa, M | 2021 | Japan | in vitro | NA | Mitomycin C-treated HLA-A2-negative HTLV-1-infected T-cell lines or short-term cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)) | NA | NA | NA | ELISA, PCR, CTL assay | Short-term cultured autologous PBMC from ATL patients could potentially serve as a vaccine to evoke Tax-specific CTL responses |
Lucchese | 2021 | Germany | in vitro | NA | mRNA and Peptide-Based Vaccines | NA | NA | NA | NA | An epitope platform for HTLV-1 vaccine have been presented to reduce post-vaccination adverse events, cross-reactivity with human antigens |