Table 2 Case reports with Scedosporium in immunocompetent individuals between 1982 and 2022
No | Reference | Patient (Age/Sex) | Country | Initial event | Risk factors | Signs and Symptoms | Period after the initial event | Affected parts | Identification of Scedosporium | Method of identification | Antifungal treatment | Treatment Duration | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Hung LH et al., 1993 [9] | 32/M | USA | Trauma | None | Pain and swelling in the left knee | 6 years | Knee and proximal tibia | S. boydii | Culture | KETO | Not mentioned | Improved |
2 | Rüchel R et al., 1995 [10] | 21/M | Germany | Near-drowning | None | Fever, drowsiness, spastic paralysis | c. 1 week | Brain, heart | S. apiospermum | Culture and Microscopy | Flucytosine + FLU | 26 days | Death |
3 | Khurshid A et al., 1999 [11] | 61/F | USA | None | Bullous emphysema | Weight loss, night sweats, cough, fever, and hemoptysis | Not applicable | Lung,heart, liver, spleen, kidney, pancreas, and brain | S. boydii | Culture | AmB | Unknown | Death |
4 | Poza G et al., 2000 [12] | 24/M | Spain | Surgical operation | None | Headache, back pain | c. 1 month | CNS | S. boydii | Culture | VCZ | 1 year | Improved |
5 | Tirado-Miranda R et al., 2001 [13] | 32/M | Spain | Traffic accident | None | Fever, swelling and pain in the knee | 53 days | Right knee | S. aurantiacum | Culture | 1)AmB 2)ITRA | Not mentioned | Improved |
6 | Kiraz N et al., 2001 [14] | 24/F | Turkey | None | None | Enlarged cervical lymph nodes | Not applicable | Lymph nodes | S. apiospermum | Culture and Microscopy | ITRA | 1 year | Improved |
7 | Levine NB et al., 2002 [15] | 52/M | USA | None | None | Thoracolumbar spinal pain, hemoptysis | Not applicable | Spinal column | S. apiospermum | Culture | ITRA | Not mentioned | Death |
8 | Farina C et al., 2002 [16] | 23/M | Italy | Traffic accident | None | Purulent secretions | 3 days | Skull | S. apiospermum | Culture | AmB | 21 days | Improved |
9 | Chakraborty A et al., 2005 [17] | 1.5/M | UK | Near-drowning | None | Low-grade fever, unconsciousness, grand mal seizures | 3 months | Brain | S. apiospermum | Culture | 1)ITRA 2)AmB 3)VCZ | c. 18 months | Improved |
10 | Kooijman CM et al., 2007 [18] | 36/M | The Netherlands | Trauma | None | Fistula and abscess | c. 11 weeks | Femur | S. aurantiacum | Culture | VCZ | 8 weeks | Improved |
11 | Leechawengwongs M et al., 2007 [19] | 21/M | Thailand | Traffic accident, near-drowning | None | Headache, unconsciousness | 14 days | Brain | S. apiospermum | Culture | 1)AmB + CASPO 2)VCZ | 23 months | Improved |
12 | Stripeli F et al., 2009 [20] | 10/F | Greece | Trauma | None | Knee swelling and pain | c. 2 months | Left knee | S. apiospermum | Culture and Sequencing | 1)AmB 2)VCZ | 6 moths | Improved |
13 | Al-Jehani H et al., 2010 [21] | 33/M | Canada | Extra-Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation | Neutropenia | Fever, decreased movement, partial seizure | c. 14 days | Brain | S. apiospermum | Culture | VCZ | 1 week | Death |
14 | Hell M et al., 2011 [22] | 16/M | Austria | Trauma | None | Soft tissue healing defect, persisting fistula | c. 3 weeks | Bone, muscle | S. apiospermum | Culture | VCZ | c. 6 months | Improved |
15 | Cumbo-Nacheli G et al., 2012 [23] | 62/F | USA | None | Mycobacterium avium complex infection history | Fever, dyspnea, cough, and worsening pulmonary nodules | Not applicable | Lung | S. boydii | Pathological examination | VCZ | Not mentioned | Improved |
16 | Angelini A, Drago G et al., 2013 [24] | 27/F | Italy | Suffered tsunami | None | Pain in the knee | 2 years | Left knee | S. apiospermum | Culture and Sequencing | 1)VCZ 2)POSA + TERB | > 1 year | Improved |
17 | Wilson HL et al., 2013 [25] | 69/M | Australia | None | Silicosis, COPD | Headache, fever, lethargy, nausea and vomiting | Not applicable | Brain | S. apiospermum | Culture, Microscopy and Sequencing | 1)ABLC 2)VCZ 3)CASPO | c. 2 months | Death |
18 | Cruysmans C et al., 2015 [26] | 7/M | UK | Trauma | None | low-grade fever, lethargy, weakness of lower limb | 5 moths | Endorachis | S. apiospermum | Culture | VCZ | 1 year | Improved |
19 | Rahman FU et al., 2016 [27] | 40/M | Pakistan | None | Pulmonary TB history | Cough, hemopty | Not applicable | Lung | S. apiospermum | Culture and Microscopy | VCZ | 4 moths | Improved |
20 | Dinh A et al., 2018 [28] | 57/M | France | None | None | Iterative fractures | Not applicable | Tibial pseudarthrosis | S. apiospermum | Culture and MALDI-TOF | VCZ | 6 moths | Improved |
21 | Tan SYL et al., 2020 [29] | 39/M | China | Percutaneous driveline tugged | Left ventricular assist devices equipping | Fever, local pustular lesion | c. 2 months | Blood stream | S. apiospermum | Culture and Sequencing | Not able to take | Not applicable | Death |
22 | Jabr R et al., 2020 [30] | 72/M | USA | Peripherally inserted central catheter placement | Pulmonary arterial hypertension | Fever, intermittent hemoptysis, worsening shortness of breath | c. 1 month | Blood stream | S. apiospermum | Culture | 1)VCZ 2)ABLC 3)TERB | 7 months | Improved |
23 | Liu W et al., 2020 [31] | 44/M | China | None | None | Hemoptysis | Not applicable | Lung | S. apiospermum | Culture and Microscopy | VCZ | c. 11 months | Improved |
24 | Mir WAY et al., 2021 [32] | 83/F | USA | None | Chronic atrial fibrillation, COPD | Shortness of breath, cough with blood-tinged sputum, fatigue | Not applicable | Lung | S. apiospermum | Culture | VCZ | 6 moths | Improved |
25 | Ghasemian R et al., 2021 [33] | 67/F | Iran | Near-drowning | None | Fever, respiratory distress | 7 days | Lung | S. aurantiacum | Culture and Sequencing | 1)VCZ 2)ABLC | 6 days | Death |
26 | Song Y et al., 2022 [34] | 56/M | China | Inhalation of Biogas | None | Nausea, vomiting, haemoptysis, fever | 10 days | Lung | S. apiospermum | Culture and MALDI-TOF | 1)VCZ 2)ABLC | 230 days | Improved |
27 | Shi XW et al., 2022 [35] | 60/M | China | None | None | Lumbosacral pain, stooped back, restricted walking | Not applicable | Lumbar vertebra | S. apiospermum | Culture | VCZ | 6 moths | Improved |
28 | This study | 70/M | China | Near-drowning | None | Fever, chest tightness, shortness of breath, dizziness | c. 1 month | Lung, brain and spine | S. apiospermum, S. boydii | mNGS | VCZ | 6 months | Improved |