Table 4 Rates of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, accuracy, and Cohen’s kappa values of unstimulated whole saliva compared to combined nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs stratified by age group and symptoms (all samples)
Asymptomatic | Symptomatic | |
|---|---|---|
Children and adolescents (< 18 years old) | ||
Sensitivity Estimate % (95% CI) | 62.5 (42.6–78.9) | 84.0 (70.5–92.0) |
Specificity Estimate % (95% CI) | 97.1 (90.5–99.2) | 87.5 (49.5–98.0) |
Positive Predictive Value Estimate % (95% CI) | 83.3 (51.6–97.9) | 95.5 (77.2–99.9) |
Negative Predictive Value Estimate % (95% CI) | 91.9 (83.2–97.0) | 63.6 (30.8–89.1) |
Accuracy Estimate % (95% CI) | 90.7 (82.5–95.9) | 84.9 (68.1–94.9) |
Cohen’s kappa a Estimate % (95% CI) | 0.66 (0.44–0.88) | 0.63 (0.35–0.91) |
Adults (18 years and older) | ||
Sensitivity Estimate % (95% CI) | 81.1 (67.1–90.0) | 75.7 (68.9–81.4) |
Specificity Estimate % (95% CI) | 95.7 (92.0-97.8) | 85.0 (64.2–94.7) |
Positive Predictive Value Estimate % (95% CI) | 81.1 (64.8–92.0) | 94.6 (85.1–98.9) |
Negative Predictive Value Estimate % (95% CI) | 95.7 (91.4–98.3) | 50.0 (32.4–67.6) |
Accuracy Estimate % (95% CI) | 93.0 (88.5–96.1) | 77.8 (67.8–85.9) |
Cohen’s kappa a Estimate % (95% CI) | 0.77 (0.65–0.88) | 0.49 (0.30–0.67) |