Table 1 Patient characteristics and incidence (episode/1000 admission)

Age, years, mean (SD)

59.9(16.7)

60.0(15.0)

59.8(17.1)

0.950

Gender (male:female)

131: 87

16:20

115:67

0.036

Length of hospital stay(days)(SD)

38.4(54.6)

58.3(74.7)

34.5(49.0)

0.016

Underlying comorbidities (n, %)

 Gastrointestinal perforation

54 (24.8)

10(27.8)

44(24.2)

0.647

 Respiratory dysfunction^a

100 (45.9)

14 (38.9)

86(47.3)

0.375

 Pulmonary infection

138(63.3)

25 (69.4)

113(62.1)

0.403

 Cardiovascular disease

118 (54.1)

21(58.3)

97 (53.3)

0.579

 Neurological diseases

74 (33.9)

17(47.2)

57(31.3)

0.066

 Gastrointestinal diseases^b

107(49.1)

17(47.2)

90(49.5)

0.761

 Chronic/acute liver disease

85(39.0)

12(33.3)

73(40.1)

0.446

 Chronic/acute renal failure^c

118(54.1)

13(36.1)

105 (57.7)

0.018

 Solid tumour

33(15.1)

5(13.9)

28(15.4)

0.819

 Haematological malignancy

19 (8.7)

2 (5.6)

17(9.3)

0.486

 hypertension

33(15.1)

8 (22.2)

25 (13.7)

0.194

 Diabetes mellitus

66(30.3)

7(19.4)

59 (32.4)

0.122

 Hematologic (nonmalignant)

66(30.3)

14 (38.9)

52 (28.6)

0.218

 HIV/AIDS

6 (2.8)

0(0.0)

6 (3.3)

0.269

 Severe trauma

27(12.4)

6 (16.7)

21 (11.5)

0.393

Risk factors (n, %)

 Presence of CVC^d

105(48.2)

23(63.9)

82(45.1)

0.039

 Other invasive catheters

68(31.2)

14(38.9)

54(29.7)

0.275

 Mechanical ventilation

100(45.9)

19 (52.8)

81(44.5)

0.363

 Receipt of corticosteroids^e

13 (6.0)

2(5.6)

11(6.0)

0.910

 Total parenteral nutrition

63(28.9)

13(36.1)

50(27.5)

0.296

 Malnutrition

108(49.5)

21(58.3)

87(47.8)

0.248

 Chemotherapy

33(15.1)

5(13.9)

28(15.4)

0.819

 Hemodialysis

45(20.6)

9(25.0)

36(19.8)

0.480

 Abdominal surgery^f

52 (23.9)

10 (27.8)

42 (23.1)

0.545

 ICU

83(38.1)

16 (44.4)

67 (36.8)

0.389

 Neutropenia^g

34(15.6)

5 (13.9)

29(15.9)

0.757

 Electrolyte abnormalities

65(29.8)

9(25.0)

56(30.8)

0.489

 Concomitant bacterial infections

78(35.8)

17 (47.2)

61 (33.5)

0.117

 Septic shock

68 (31.2)

12 (33.3)

56(30.8)

0.762

 Hemorrhagic shock

7(3.2)

0(0.0)

7(3.8)

0.232

Therapy

 Broad-spectrum antibiotics

139(63.8)

29 (80.6)

110 (60.4)

0.022

 Prophylaxis antifungal therapy(FCA)

61 (28.0)

13(36.1)

48(26.4)

0.234

 After positive blood culture

  Amphotericin B

17(7.8)

1(5.6)

16(8.8)

0.219

  Capofungin

27(12.4)

3(8.3)

24(13.2)

0.419

  Fluconazole

61(28.0)

15(41.7)

46(25.3)

0.045

  Voriconazole

68(31.2)

12(33.3)

56(30.8)

0.762

  Capofungin + Fluconazole

17(7.8)

1(5.6)

16(8.8)

0.219

  Capofungin + Amphotericin B

6(2.8)

0(0.0)

6(3.3)

0.269

  Capofungin + Voriconazole^#

5(2.3)

3(8.3)

2(1.1)

0.008

  Fluconazole + Voriconazole

13(6.0)

1(2.8)

11(6.0)

0.432

  Fluconazole + Amphotericin B

5(2.3)

0(0.0)

5(2.7)

0.314

 Albicansvs.non-albicans Candida spp.

0.001

   C. albicans

86(39.4)

5(13.9)

81(44.5)

0.001

  non-C. albicans

132(60.6)

31(86.1)

101(55.5)

0.001

 Candidaspecies

  C. albicans

86(39.4)

5(13.9)

81(44.5)

0.001

   C. glabrata

44(20.2)

6(16.7)

38(20.9)

0.565

   C. Tropicalis

42(19.3)

7(19.4)

35(19.2)

0.976

   C. Parapsilosis

34(15.6)

14(38.9)

20(11.0)

< 0.001

   C. kruseii

5(2.3)

3(8.3)

2(1.1)

0.008

  other Candida species

7(3.2)

1(2.8)

6(3.3)

0.872

 Wards

  Medical wards

89(40.8)

11(30.6)

78(42.9)

0.170

  Surgical wards

63(28.9)

13(36.1)

50(27.5)

0.296

  ICU

66(30.3)

12(33.3)

54(29.7)

0.662

 Outcome

  7 days death

22(10.1)

1(2.8)

21(11.5)

0.111

  30 days death

44(20.2)

6(16.7)

38(20.9)

0.565

  Death

57(26.1)

11(30.6)

46(25.3)

0.510

 Incidence (n,episodes/1,000 admissions)

   2016

29(0.16)

5(0.03)

24(0.13)

-

   2017

29(0.13)

6(0.03)

23(0.1)

-

   2018

34(0.14)

4(0.02)

30(0.12)

-

   2019

46(0.17)

10(0.04)

36(0.13)

-

   2020

37(0.15)

4(0.02)

33(0.13)

-

   2021

43(0.15)

7(0.03)

36(0.12)

-

  Mean annual incidence

218(0.15)

36(0.03)

182(0.12)

-