Table 1 Clinical characteristics and comparison between with and without MDR-PA infections in AP patients
From: The impact of multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections on acute pancreatitis patients
Characteristics | Total | Without MDR-PA infections (n = 46) | With MDR-PA infections (n = 23) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years (mean ± SD) | 48.6 ± 11.2 | 46.9 ± 10.9 | 51.9 ± 11.4 | 0.087 |
Sex, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.855 |
Male | 47 (68.1) | 31 (67.4) | 16 (69.6) | Â |
Female | 22 (31.9) | 15 (32.6) | 7 (30.4) | Â |
Etiology, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.561 |
Hypertriglyceridemia | 28 (40.6) | 20 (43.5) | 8 (34.8) | Â |
Gallstone | 24 (34.8) | 14 (30.4) | 10 (43.5) | Â |
Alcoholism | 3 (4.3) | 3 (6.5) | 0 | Â |
Others | 14 (20.3) | 9 (19.6) | 5 (21.7) | Â |
Classification of AP, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.496 |
Moderately severe AP | 34 (49.3) | 24 (52.2) | 10 (43.5) | Â |
SAP | 35 (50.7) | 22 (47.8) | 13 (56.5) | Â |
Referred patient, n (%) | 54 (78.3) | 34 (73.9) | 20 (87.0) | 0.216 |
Days from the onset AP to admission, days (mean ± SD) | 18.4 ± 22.5 | 13.6 ± 17.9 | 28.1 ± 4.9 | 0.011* |
Fungal infections, n (%) | 12 (17.4) | 2 (4.3) | 10 (43.5) | < 0.001* |
Laboratory variables at admission, (mean ± SD) |  |  |  |  |
Albumin, g/L | 30.2 ± 4.9 | 30.9 ± 4.7 | 28.6 ± 4.9 | 0.051 |
Platelet, 103/mm3 | 225.2 ± 117.8 | 228.9 ± 117.4 | 217.7 ± 120.8 | 0.715 |
Neutrophil, 103/mm3 | 10.4 ± 6.6 | 10.3 ± 6.3 | 10.8 ± 7.3 | 0.765 |
Hematocrit, % | 33.1 ± 8.6 | 35.1 ± 8.2 | 29.2 ± 8.1 | 0.006* |
Blood urea nitrogen, mmol/L | 8.4 ± 7.1 | 6.9 ± 4.6 | 11.1 ± 10.0 | 0.056 |
Lymphocyte, 103/mm3 | 1.1 ± 0.8 | 1.2 ± 0.9 | 1.0 ± 0.6 | 0.244 |
MOF, n (%) | 13 (18.8) | 5 (10.9) | 8 (34.8) | 0.039* |
Antibiotic treatments, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.108 |
None | 7 (10.1) | 7 (15.2) | 0 | Â |
Carbapenem | 22 (31.9) | 14 (30.4) | 8 (34.8) | Â |
Cephalosporins with beta-lactam | 19 (27.5) | 19 (41.3) | 0 | Â |
Penicillin with beta-lactam | 8 (11.6) | 2 (4.3) | 6 (26.1) | Â |
Carbapenem + tigecycline | 6 (8.7) | 1 (2.2) | 5 (21.7) |  |
Penicillin with beta-lactam + tigecycline | 2 (2.9) | 1 (2.2) | 1 (4.3) |  |
Tigecycline | 2 (2.9) | 1 (2.2) | 1 (4.3) | Â |
Penicillin with beta-lactam + carbapenem | 1 (1.4) | 0 | 1 (4.3) |  |
Polymyxin | 1 (1.4) | 0 | 1 (4.3) | Â |
Quinolone | 1 (1.4) | 1 (2.2) | 0 | Â |
Invasive mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 17 (24.6) | 5 (10.9) | 12 (52.2) | < 0.001* |
ICU stays, days (mean ± SD) | 10.2 ± 15.8 | 4.8 ± 8.5 | 20.9 ± 21.1 | 0.002* |
Hospitalization, days (mean ± SD) | 36.1 ± 22.8 | 29.9 ± 20.6 | 48.2 ± 22.6 | 0.001* |
Intervention for pancreatic necrosis, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.003* |
Conservative therapy | 9 (13.0) | 8 (17.4) | 1 (4.3) | Â |
Only percutaneous catheter drainage | 20 (29.0) | 17 (37.0) | 3 (13.0) | Â |
Only endoscopic transluminal drainage | 7 (10.1) | 5 (10.2) | 2 (8.7) | Â |
Percutaneous catheter drainage step-up to minimal access retroperitoneal necrosectomy | 18 (26.1) | 6 (13.0) | 12 (52.2) | Â |
Percutaneous catheter drainage step-up to video-assisted retroperitoneal debridement | 3 (4.3) | 2 (4.3) | 1 (4.3) | Â |
Endoscopic transluminal drainage to endoscopic transluminal necrosectomy | 5 (7.2) | 5 (10.9) | 0 | Â |
Open necrosectomy | 3 (4.3) | 3 (6.5) | 0 | Â |
Step-up to open necrosectomy | 4 (5.8) | 0 | 4 (17.4) | Â |
Major complications, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Hemorrhage | 8 (11.6) | 3 (6.5) | 5 (21.7) | 0.144 |
Intestinal leakage | 4 (5.8) | 1 (2.2) | 3 (13.0) | 0.202 |
Pancreatic fistula | 3 (4.3) | 1 (2.2) | 2 (8.7) | 0.531 |
Mortality, n (%) | 11 (15.9) | 4 (8.7) | 7 (30.4) | 0.048* |