Table 4 Baseline clinical and laboratory risk parameters in the studied patients:

Age (yr) (mean ± SD)

(55.16 ± 11.73)

(54.9 ± 10.28)

0.76

Sex

Male (n = 146)

Female (n = 107)

52 (62.7)

31 (37.3)

93 (54.7)

77 (45.3)

0.18

Smoking (n = 56)

20 (24.1)

36(21.2)

0.65

Diabetes mellitus (n = 97)

39(46.98)

58 (34.1)

0. 08

Poorly controlled DM (n = 36)

29 (34.9)

7 (4.1)

0.001*

Hypertension (n = 108)

36 (43.4)

72(42.4)

0.71

Ischemic heart disease (n = 26)

9(10.8)

17(10)

0.86

Chronic kidney diseases (n = 25)

10 (12.05)

15(8.8)

0.16

Malignancy (n = 13)

10 (12.05)

3 (1.8)

0.005*

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 18)

9(10.8)

9(5.3)

0.04 *

Chronic liver disease (n = 17)

9 (10.8)

8(4.7)

0.03*

Organ transplantation (n = 3)

3 (3.6)

0 (0)

0.001*

Multiple comorbidities ≥ 3 (n = 67)

51 (61.4)

16(9.4)

0.001*

APACHE II Score (mean ± SD)

15.3 ± 5.4

7.5 ± 3.1

0.001*

SOFA Score (mean ± SD)

6.4 ± 3.2

3.4 ± 2.4

0.01*

Body mass index (kg/m2) (mean ± SD)

29.6 ± 3.45

24.5 ± 2.65

0.12

PaO2/FiO2 Ratio (P/F ratio)

116 ± 105.5

125 ± 118.5

0.8

Laboratory findings at COVID-19 diagnosis (mean ± SD) :

white blood cell count

9.14 ± 2.4

11 ± 3.1

0.13

Lymphocytic %

11 ± 7.41

13.08 ± 8.46

0.17

CRP (mg/l)

96 ± 45.7

24 ± 14.08

0.01*

D-dimer (ug/mL)

2.3 ± 1.01

1.1 ± 1.4

0.05*

Ferritin (ng/ml)

684.73 ± 469.22

298.61 ± 186.05

0.01*

Albumin (g/dL)

3.1 ± 0.61

3.4 ± 052)

0.14