Table 2 Descriptive characteristics of studies evaluating EIA assays compared to PRNT (high quality)

Cohen 2006   [25]

United Kingdom

Endemic

Diagnostic accuracy

100

NR

Serum samples submitted for immunity testing

Random sample or source unrelated to exposure or outcome

Siemens Enzygnost; Microimmun

 < 0.1 O.D; < 1.1 O.D

Batch specific cut off ^c

All tested

Cohen 2008 [21]

Kenya

Endemic

Diagnostic accuracy

210

9 m

Residual serum samples from separate study collected 4 weeks post measles vaccination

Random sample or source unrelated to exposure or outcome

Siemens Enzygnost

 < 0.1 O.D. (Automatic, Manual)

 ≥ 120 mIU/mL

All negative, low positive and unusual PRN profiles, and random subset of high PRN. Positives selected for EIA

Coughlin 2021 [19]

USA, Tajikistan

Eliminated (US)^e;

Endemic (Tajikistan)

Diagnostic accuracy

140; 212;

516

6 m—adults

Residual serum samples obtained from routine case-based surveillance (US), early revaccination cohort (US) and a serosurvey (Tajikistan)

Random sample or source unrelated to exposure or outcome

In house MBA

MeV N(< 9.5mIU/mL);

MeV WVA_L (< 137 mIU/mL);

MeV WVA_c (< 153mIU/mL)

 ≥ 120 mIU/mL^b

All tested

deSouza 1991 [44]

Brazil

Endemic

Diagnostic accuracy

181

 < 18yrs

Serum samples obtained from measles vaccinated children and umbilical cord

Results from previous tests

In house EIA

DOD reading: ≤ 0.12

NR

All tested

Dorigo-Zetsma 2015 [45]

The Netherlands

Eliminated

Diagnostic accuracy

154

 ≥ 18yrs

HCWs born after 1960 working at departments with reported measles cases

Recruited from community or healthcare setting, not related to measles infection or vaccination

Diasorin;

Siemens

Enzygnost;

Vidas;

In house MBA

 < 13.5 AU/ml;

 < 0.1 O.D.;

 < 0.5 Test values;

 < 120 mIU/mL

 ≥ 120 mIU/mL

All tested

Fowlkes 2011 [47]

Malawi

Endemic

Persistence of vaccine-induced measles antibody

2344

6- 36 m & mothers (ages NR)

Samples collected from children at 6,9,12, 20, 24 and for some, 30–36 months. Subset of mothers HIV infected and children HIV infected or exposed

Recruited from community or healthcare setting, not related to measles infection or vaccination

Trinity Biotech

NR

 ≥ 120 mIU/mL

Random EIA subset tested on PRN

Goncalves 1999 [48]

Portugal

Endemic

Diagnostic accuracy

43

11-14 m

Serum samples obtained from children 11-14 m who were at the age of routine measles vaccination

Children at the age of routine measles vaccination

Diagnostica, Merck

 < 40 mIU/mL;

 < 100 mIU/mL

 ≥ 40 mIU/mL;

100 mIU/mL

All tested

Hatchette 2017 [26]

Canada

Eliminated^e

Diagnostic accuracy

148

NR

Residual samples submitted for immunity testing previously categorized as immune (n = 50), nonimmune (n = 50), or equivocal (n = 48) by EIA

Results from previous tests

BioPlex 2200 MMRV IgG

 < 0.13 AU/mL ^a

 > 192 mIU/mL^b

All tested

Lee 1999 [54]

United Kingdom

Endemic

Diagnostic accuracy

85

NR

Serum samples of with known range of PRNT titers (< 200mIU/mL to > 4000 mIU/mL) selected

Results from previous tests

In house EIA

 < 200 mIU/mL

 > 200 mIU/mL^b

Random subset of negative, low positive, medium positive and high positive PRN titers selected for EIA

Mao 2009 [56]

China

Endemic

Diagnostic accuracy

52; 47

NR

Serum samples selected based on measles antibody titers (< 1:4, 1:4, 1:120, < 1:1052) obtained from 5 provinces

Results from previous tests

German Virion/Serion;

IBL

 < 150 mIU/mL;

 < 8 U (unit) / ml

 ≥ 1: 4^b

All tested

Ratnam 1995 [63]

Canada

Endemic

Diagnostic accuracy

1287,

229;

229

12-15 m,

1-16yrs;

1-16yrs

Age 12-15 m: Serum samples pre and post measles vaccination; Age 1-16y: Serum samples from children with prior MMR vaccination with PRN titers 8 to 10,000

Selected based on vaccination status

Siemens Enzygnost/Dade Behring;

Diamedix;

Measlestat;

Vidas

 < 0.1 O.D.;

 < 15 EIA unit;

 ≤ 0.79 Predicted value index;

 < 0.5 Test value threshold

 ≥ 120 mIU/mL,

8mIU/mL

All tested

Tischer Andrews 2007 [27]

United Kingdom

Endemic

Diagnostic accuracy

151

NR

Serum samples selected by antibody concentration (high positives, low positives, equivocals and negatives

Panel of samples with known antibody concentrations tested

Siemens Enzygnost

 < 0.1 O.D

 ≥ 40 ± 20 mIU/mL^b

All tested

Warrener 2018 [67]

Uganda

Endemic

Population-based seroprevalence study

113; 203

4-15 m & 12-75 m

4-15 m: Children from health clinic with no record of measles vaccination

12-75 m: Children from outpatient department, majority received measles vaccine by recall

Recruited from community or healthcare setting, not related to measles infection or vaccination

Siemens Enzygnost

NR

 ≥ 120 mIU/mL

All tested