Table 1 Baseline characteristics of NE and NE-PE group for original cohort
Covariate | NE (n = 1, 055) | NE-PE (n = 692) | P-value | SMD | Missing data(%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, y | 67.45 (15.82) | 67.11 (15.26) | 0.654 | 0.022 | 0.0 |
Gender, female, n (%) | 495 (46.9) | 303 (43.8) | 0.216 | 0.063 | 0.0 |
Weight, kg | 81.62 (25.96) | 83.94 (24.98) | 0.064 | 0.093 | 0.1 |
Ethnicity, n (%) | 0.264 | 0.0 | |||
White | 781 (74.0) | 503 (72.7) | 0.030 | ||
Black | 109 (10.3) | 59 (8.5) | 0.065 | ||
Other | 165 (15.6) | 130 (18.8) | 0.081 | ||
Admission type, n (%) | 0.001 | 0.0 | |||
Emergency | 1031 (97.7) | 653 (94.4) | 0.146 | ||
Urgent | 12 (1.1) | 15 (2.2) | 0.071 | ||
Elective | 12 (1.1) | 24 (3.5) | 0.128 | ||
First careunit, n (%) | < 0.001 | 0.0 | |||
MICU | 826 (78.3) | 470 (67.9) | 0.222 | ||
SICU | 85 (8.1) | 97 (14.0) | 0.172 | ||
Other | 144 (13.6) | 125 (18.1) | 0.115 | ||
Vital signs | |||||
Heart rate, bmp | 89.40 (16.81) | 98.16 (18.27) | < 0.001 | 0.479 | 0.0 |
Mean BP, mmHg | 71.10 (7.63) | 71.18 (8.69) | 0.849 | 0.009 | 0.0 |
Respiratory rate, bmp | 21.10 (4.50) | 22.26 (4.76) | < 0.001 | 0.244 | 0.0 |
SpO2, % | 96.93 (2.85) | 96.24 (3.76) | < 0.001 | 0.183 | 0.1 |
Temperature, °C | 36.81 (0.77) | 36.86 (0.85) | 0.168 | 0.064 | 0.4 |
SOFA score | 8.35 (3.39) | 9.49 (3.94) | < 0.001 | 0.299 | 0.0 |
APS III | 63.45 (22.95) | 75.05 (24.75) | < 0.001 | 0.469 | 0.0 |
Elixhauser comorbidity score | 12.63 (8.60) | 14.95 (8.85) | < 0.001 | 0.262 | 0.0 |
Comorbidity | |||||
Congestive heart failure, n (%) | 398 (37.7) | 302 (43.6) | 0.016 | 0.120 | 0.0 |
Cardiac arrhythmias, n (%) | 384 (36.4) | 369 (53.3) | < 0.001 | 0.340 | 0.0 |
Pulmonary circulation disorder, n (%) | 77 (7.3) | 71 (10.3) | 0.037 | 0.098 | 0.0 |
Peripheral vascular disorder, n (%) | 80 (7.6) | 62 (9.0) | 0.347 | 0.048 | 0.0 |
Neurological diseases, n (%) | 158 (15.0) | 97 (14.0) | 0.627 | 0.028 | 0.0 |
Chronic pulmonary disease, n (%) | 253 (24.0) | 186 (26.9) | 0.190 | 0.065 | 0.0 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 565 (53.6) | 357 (51.6) | 0.450 | 0.039 | 0.0 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 346 (32.8) | 224 (32.4) | 0.894 | 0.090 | 0.0 |
Renal failure, n (%) | 250 (23.7) | 177 (25.6) | 0.402 | 0.043 | 0.0 |
Liver disease, n (%) | 216 (20.5) | 197 (28.5) | < 0.001 | 0.177 | 0.0 |
Metastatic cancer, n (%) | 75 (7.1) | 50 (7.2) | 1.000 | 0.005 | 0.0 |
Solid tumor without metastasis, n (%) | 46 (4.4) | 31 (4.5) | 1.000 | 0.006 | 0.0 |
Fluid and electrolyte disorders, n (%) | 598 (56.7) | 431 (62.3) | 0.023 | 0.116 | 0.0 |
Drug abuse, n (%) | 44 (4.2) | 25 (3.6) | 0.646 | 0.030 | 0.0 |
Alcohol abuse, n (%) | 17 (2.7) | 7 (1.6) | 0.331 | 0.023 | 0.0 |
Laboratory tests | |||||
WBC, k/uL | 18.07 (12.44) | 19.54 (20.90) | 0.066 | 0.070 | 0.3 |
Hemoglobin, g/dL | 9.54 (1.78) | 9.60 (1.95) | 0.505 | 0.031 | 0.1 |
Platelet, k/uL | 191.86 (126.61) | 184.37 (131.11) | 0.234 | 0.057 | 0.3 |
Bilirubin, mg/dL | 2.14 (4.30) | 2.73 (4.73) | 0.007 | 0.125 | 16.1 |
Serum creatinine, n (%) | 0.003 | 0.1 | |||
< 1 mg/dL | 196 (18.6) | 102 ( 14.7) | 0.108 | ||
≥ 1, < 2 mg/dL | 420 (39.8) | 247 ( 35.7) | 0.086 | ||
≥ 2 mg/dL | 439 (41.6) | 343 ( 49.6) | 0.160 | ||
Urea nitrogen, n (%) | 0.060 | 0.1 | |||
< 20 mg/dL | 207 (19.6) | 111 ( 16.0) | 0.098 | ||
≥ 20, < 40 mg/dL | 409 (38.8) | 258 ( 37.3) | 0.031 | ||
≥ 40 mg/dL | 439 (41.6) | 323 ( 46.7) | 0.102 | ||
Glucose, mg/dl | 145.22 (47.17) | 150.35 (58.20) | 0.043 | 0.088 | 0.2 |
Lactate, mmol/L | 3.45 (2.58) | 4.68 (3.68) | < 0.001 | 0.334 | 4.4 |
Bicarbonate, mmol/L | 19.09 (5.24) | 17.86 (5.68) | < 0.001 | 0.217 | 0.3 |
INR | 2.02 (1.66) | 2.22 (1.71) | 0.013 | 0.120 | 4.2 |
Potassium, mmol/L | 4.72 (0.98) | 4.88 (0.96) | 0.001 | 0.168 | 0.1 |
Sodium, mmol/L | 140.90 (5.97) | 140.33 (6.39) | 0.057 | 0.090 | 0.1 |
Urine output firstday, ml | 1620.52 (1322.13) | 1195.22(1060.30) | < 0.001 | 0.401 | 5.4 |
Mechanical ventilation firstday, n (%) | 591 (56.0) | 509 (73.6) | < 0.001 | 0.398 | 0.0 |
RRT firstday, n (%) | 87 (8.2) | 89 (12.9) | 0.002 | 0.138 | 0.0 |
Vasopressin, n (%) | 221 (20.9) | 417 (60.3) | < 0.001 | 0.803 | 0.0 |
Dopamine, n (%) | 171 (16.2) | 140 (20.2) | 0.037 | 0.100 | 0.0 |
Dobutamine, n (%) | 49 (4.6) | 65 (9.4) | < 0.001 | 0.163 | 0.0 |
Epinephrine, n (%) | 7 (0.7) | 50 (7.2) | < 0.001 | 0.253 | 0.0 |
Microorganism, n (%) | 844 (80.0) | 597 (86.3) | 0.001 | 0.182 | 0.0 |
Initial NE dose, ug/kg.min | 0.11 (0.09) | 0.16 (0.31) | < 0.001 | 0.166 | 0.0 |
Initial PE dose, ug/kg.min | - | 1.44 (1.25) | - | - | 0.0 |