Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies
Author | Year | Study design | Country | Sample size(N) | Gender (%) | Mean age, year | Telehealth | Follow up, month | Outcome measurement tool | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Â | Â | Â | Intervention | control | Male | Â | intervention | control | Â | Â |
Sherman EM [38] | 2020 | Parallel | USA | 49 | 45 | 61.7% | 39.2 | One-way daily text message reminders | standard of care with verbal reminders | 1,3,6,12 | visual analogue scale |
Ramsey SE [43] | 2021 | Parallel | USA | 27 | 26 | 71.7% | 46.7 | coaching delivered via the application | coaching delivered via health worker | 1, 3, 6, 12 | Self‑reported/ HIV viral load |
MacCarthy S [58] | 2020 | Parallel | Uganda | 40 | 59 | 47.61% | 15–24 # | weekly text informing of their adherence level in the previous week | standard care | 3 | Wise pill device |
MacCarthy S [58] | 2020 | Parallel | Uganda | 56 | 59 | 47.61% | 15–24 # | weekly text information about their own adherence as well as information about the adherence level of their peers in the intervention | standard care | 3 | Wise pill device |
Lester RT [40] | 2010 | Parallel | Kenya | 273 | 265 | 34.57% | 36.6 | SMS intervention | standard care | 6,12 | self-reported adherence / HIV viral load |
Kurth AE [41] | 2019 | Parallel | Kenya | 118 | 118 | 21.61% | 37.5 | CARE + Kenia computer-based counseling program | standard care | 3, 6,9 | HIV- viral load |
Kurth AE [44] | 2016 | Parallel | USA | 253 | 241 | 59.91% | 47.8 | CARE + Spanish computer-based counseling program | standard care | 3, 6, 9, 12 | HIV- viral load |
Glasner S [45] | 2020 | Parallel | USA | 17 | 18 | 84% | 50.2 | computer-based counseling and text messaging | standard care | 1, 2, 3 | unannounced phone-based pill counts / HIV viral load |
Côté J [14] | 2020 | Parallel | Canada | 45 | 43 | 82.95% | 41.5 | web-based intervention | standard care | 6 | HIV viral load / self-administered questionnaire |
Da Costa TM [42] | 2012 | Parallel | Brazil | 14 | 15 | 0 | 34.6 | SMS message | standard care | 1,2,3, 4 | self-reported adherence/Pill counting/ MEMS |
Claborn KR [26] | 2014 | Parallel | USA | 43 | 49 | 86.95% | 42.8 | electronic life steps | standard care | 1 | Self-reported adherence/CD4 + count |
Abdulrahman SA [39] | 2017 | Parallel | Malaysia | 121 | 121 | 88.84% | 32.8 | weekly medication reminder SMS and telephone call reminders | standard care | 3,6 | self-administered Adult AIDS Clinical Trial Group (AACTG) adherence questionnaires |