Table 1 Summary of definitions used
Definition | References and guidelines | |
|---|---|---|
Acute bacterial skin and skin structure infection (ABSSSI) and/or Surgical site infection (SSI) | ABSSSI: A bacterial infection of the skin with a lesion size area of at least 75Â cm2 (lesion size measured by the area of redness, oedema and induration) SSI: An infection related to a surgical procedure that occurs near the surgical site within 30Â days following surgery (or up to 90Â days following surgery where an implant is involved) | FDA [9] CDC [10] |
Bacteraemia | The presence of viable bacteria in the blood documented by a positive blood culture result | CDC [11] |
Defined daily dose (DDD) | The assumed average maintenance dose per day for a drug used for its main indication in adults. For antimicrobial consumption in hospital, the indicator DDD/100 patients-days is generally used | WHO [12] |
Diabetic foot infection (DFI) | Foot wound infection in diabetic patients defined by the presence of at least two classic findings of inflammation or purulent secretions | IDSA [13] |
Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) | Pneumonia acquired ≥ 48 h after hospital admission | IDSA [14] |
Intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) | Infections that develop within the abdominal cavity, usually classified into uncomplicated and complicated | WSES [15] |
Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) | Microorganisms, predominantly bacteria, that are resistant to one or more classes of antimicrobial agents | CDC [16] |
No infection/Colonisation | Absence of local or systemic signs and symptoms of infection, even in presence of bacterial isolation | Â |
Sepsis | Life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection | Singer et al., 2016 [17] |
Septic arthritis and/or Spinal infections | Septic arthritis: An acute inflammation involving one or more joints on an infectious basis confirmed by a positive culture of synovial fluid Spinal infections: Include vertebral, discitis and spondylodiscitis | Colston at Atkins, 2018 [18] EANM/ESNR/ESCMID [19] |
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) | Infections involving any part of the urinary system. They include both lower (cystitis) and upper (pyelonephritis) UTIs and are classified into uncomplicated and complicated | EAU [20] |