Table 4 Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis by cavitation presentation, Orizaba Veracruz 1997–2010 (n = 755)
From: Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineage 4 associated with cavitations and treatment failure
Variables | Total | Cavitations presence | Cavitations absence | p-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
n/total (%) | n/total (%) | n/total (%) | ||
Male | 362/626 (58.0) | 160/282 (57.0) | 202/344 (59.0) | 0.617 |
Age (years) (median [IQR]) | 46 (32–59) | 47 (33–60) | 45 (31–58 | 0.466† |
> 6 years of formal schooling | 429/626 (69.0) | 191/282 (68.0) | 238/344 (69.0) | 0.696 |
House with dirt floor | 151/626 (24.0) | 66/282 (23.0) | 85/344 (25.0) | 0.704 |
Rural residence | 81/610 (13.0) | 36/273 (13.0) | 45/337 (13.0) | 0.952 |
Nearest health center distance (meters) (median [IQR]) | 702 (434.0–1089) | 749 (464.1–1109) | 683 (412–1073) | 0.114† |
Access to social security | 224/626 (36.0) | 108/282 (38.0) | 116/344 (34.0) | 0.235 |
Used alcohol | 265/626 (42.0) | 129/282 (46.0) | 136/344 (40.0) | 0.118 |
Used tobacco | 135/626 (22.0) | 54/282 (19.0) | 81/344 (24.0) | 0.183 |
Used illegal drugs | 30/626 (5.0) | 12/282 (4.0) | 18/344 (5.0) | 0.569 |
Homelessness or residence in shelters | 18/626 (3.0) | 10/282 (4.0) | 8/344 (2.0) | 0.363 |
Diabetes mellitus type 2 | 201/626 (32.0) | 106/282 (38.0) | 95/344 (28.0) | 0.008 |
HIV coinfection | 11/616 (2.0) | 2/276 (1.0) | 9/340 (3.0) | 0.073 |
New case | 566/625 (91.0) | 249/281 (89.0) | 317/344 (92.0) | 0.132 |
AFB sputum positivity grade of 3+ | 172/626 (27.0) | 101/282 (36.0) | 71/344 (21.0) | < 0.001 |
Resistance to at least one drug | 101/524 (19.0) | 47/220 (21.0) | 54/304 (18.0) | 0.302 |
MDR | 18/524 (3.0) | 8/220 (4.0) | 10/304 (3.0) | 0.830 |
Fever | 438/623 (70.0) | 206/280 (74.0) | 232/343 (68.0) | 0.107 |
BMI (median [IQR]) | 21.0 (18.4–13.8) | 20.8 (18.5–23.5) | 21.2 (18.4–23.9 | 0.356† |
Number of days between symptom onset and start of treatment (median [IQR]) | 104 (66–177) | 108 (68–195) | 100 (63–161) | 0.064† |
Haemoptysis | 211/625 (34.0) | 95/282 (34.0) | 116/343 (34.0) | 0.972 |
Lineage by MIRU | ||||
Haarlem | 344/626 (55.0) | 152/282 (53.9) | 192/344 (55.8) | 0.632‡ |
LAM | 136/626 (21.7) | 74/282 (26.2) | 62/344 (18.0) | 0.013‡ |
RDRio | 97/136 (71.3) | 55/74 (74.3) | 42/62 (67.7) | 0.398‡ |
RD115 | 24/136 (17.7) | 11/74 (14.9) | 13/62 (21.0) | 0.352‡ |
Other than Haarlem and LAM | 146/626 (23.0) | 56/282 (20.0) | 90/344 (26.0) | 0.063‡‡ |
Cluster belonging | 433/626 (69.2) | 198/282 (70.2) | 235/344 (68.3) | 0.609‡ |