Obs. | Overall mean | COVID-19 illness | Vaccinated | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes mean | No mean | Diff. | P-value | Yes mean | No mean | Diff. | P-value | |||
Question/variable | ||||||||||
Have you had COVID? (yes = 1, no = 0) | 2840 | 0.230 | 0.230 | 0.208 | 0.253 | − 0.046 | 0.005 | |||
Health issues after COVID-19 (yes = 1, no = 0) | 690 | 0.284 | 0.284 | 0.341 | 0.236 | 0.105 | 0.004 | |||
Severe health issues after COVID (yes = 1, no = 0) | 188 | 0.086 | 0.086 | 0.080 | 0.093 | − 0.013 | 0.759 | |||
Vaccinated against COVID? (yes = 1, no = 0) | 2840 | 0.511 | 0.461 | 0.526 | − 0.064 | 0.005 | 0.511 | |||
Health issues after vaccine (yes = 1, no = 0) | 1365 | 0.146 | 0.258 | 0.116 | 0.142 | 0.000 | 0.146 | |||
Severe health issues after vaccine (yes = 1, no = 0) | 205 | 0.134 | 0.145 | 0.128 | 0.017 | 0.752 | 0.134 | |||
Average income | 2840 | 60,152 | 63,957 | 59,014 | 4943 | 0.033 | 70,919 | 48,903 | 22,015 | 0.000 |
Gender (male = 1, female = 0) | 2840 | 0.487 | 0.507 | 0.481 | 0.026 | 0.253 | 0.510 | 0.463 | 0.047 | 0.017 |
Social circle—# people respondents know | 2,432 | 10.601 | 10.598 | 10.602 | − 0.004 | 0.997 | 12.487 | 8.443 | 4.044 | 0.000 |
Social circle health issues after COVID (yes = 1, no = 0) | 2840 | 0.338 | 0.416 | 0.314 | 0.101 | 0.000 | 0.353 | 0.322 | 0.031 | 0.097 |
Social circle health issues after vaccine (yes = 1, no = 0) | 2840 | 0.216 | 0.286 | 0.195 | 0.091 | 0.000 | 0.157 | 0.277 | − 0.121 | 0.000 |
Education | ||||||||||
Less than high school (yes = 1, no = 0) | 2840 | 0.038 | 0.047 | 0.035 | 0.012 | 0.198 | 0.016 | 0.061 | − 0.045 | 0.000 |
High school/GED (yes = 1, no = 0) | 2840 | 0.276 | 0.247 | 0.285 | − 0.038 | 0.054 | 0.217 | 0.338 | − 0.121 | 0.000 |
Some college (yes = 1, no = 0) | 2840 | 0.242 | 0.269 | 0.234 | 0.035 | 0.079 | 0.232 | 0.253 | − 0.022 | 0.201 |
2-year college degree (yes = 1, no = 0) | 2840 | 0.112 | 0.096 | 0.117 | − 0.021 | 0.129 | 0.109 | 0.114 | − 0.005 | 0.684 |
4-year college degree (yes = 1, no = 0) | 2840 | 0.189 | 0.173 | 0.195 | − 0.022 | 0.217 | 0.248 | 0.128 | 0.121 | 0.000 |
Master’s degree (yes = 1, no = 0) | 2840 | 0.097 | 0.103 | 0.095 | 0.008 | 0.583 | 0.123 | 0.070 | 0.054 | 0.000 |
Doctoral degree (yes = 1, no = 0) | 2840 | 0.019 | 0.022 | 0.018 | 0.004 | 0.552 | 0.024 | 0.014 | 0.010 | 0.069 |
Professional degree (JD, MD) (yes = 1, no = 0) | 2840 | 0.026 | 0.044 | 0.021 | 0.023 | 0.010 | 0.030 | 0.022 | 0.008 | 0.226 |
Race | ||||||||||
White/Caucasian (yes = 1, no = 0) | 2813 | 0.683 | 0.662 | 0.690 | − 0.028 | 0.192 | 0.755 | 0.608 | 0.147 | 0.000 |
African American (yes = 1, no = 0) | 2813 | 0.154 | 0.127 | 0.162 | − 0.035 | 0.020 | 0.116 | 0.193 | − 0.078 | 0.000 |
Hispanic (yes = 1, no = 0) | 2813 | 0.071 | 0.116 | 0.057 | 0.059 | 0.000 | 0.051 | 0.092 | − 0.041 | 0.000 |
Asian (yes = 1, no = 0) | 2813 | 0.035 | 0.033 | 0.036 | − 0.003 | 0.722 | 0.032 | 0.038 | − 0.006 | 0.388 |
Native American/Pacific Islander (yes = 1, no = 0) | 2813 | 0.024 | 0.030 | 0.023 | 0.007 | 0.341 | 0.018 | 0.031 | − 0.013 | 0.026 |
Other/more than one race (yes = 1, no = 0) | 2813 | 0.033 | 0.032 | 0.033 | − 0.001 | 0.948 | 0.028 | 0.037 | − 0.009 | 0.179 |
Urbanicity | ||||||||||
Urban (yes = 1, no = 0) | 2840 | 0.308 | 0.320 | 0.305 | 0.015 | 0.475 | 0.299 | 0.318 | − 0.019 | 0.294 |
Suburban (yes = 1, no = 0) | 2840 | 0.467 | 0.459 | 0.469 | − 0.010 | 0.664 | 0.504 | 0.427 | 0.077 | 0.000 |
Rural (yes = 1, no = 0) | 2840 | 0.225 | 0.221 | 0.227 | − 0.005 | 0.786 | 0.197 | 0.255 | − 0.058 | 0.000 |
Information sources about COVID-19 | ||||||||||
Mainstream news sources (yes = 1, no = 0) | 2840 | 0.603 | 0.540 | 0.621 | − 0.081 | 0.000 | 0.700 | 0.501 | 0.198 | 0.000 |
Alternative news sources (yes = 1, no = 0) | 2840 | 0.350 | 0.385 | 0.340 | 0.045 | 0.041 | 0.270 | 0.434 | − 0.165 | 0.000 |
Peer reviewed scientific literature (yes = 1, no = 0) | 2840 | 0.182 | 0.195 | 0.179 | 0.016 | 0.368 | 0.177 | 0.188 | − 0.010 | 0.485 |
Official gov’t sources such as the CDC (yes = 1, no = 0) | 2840 | 0.382 | 0.361 | 0.388 | − 0.027 | 0.222 | 0.458 | 0.302 | 0.156 | 0.000 |
Political affiliation | ||||||||||
Democrat (yes = 1, no = 0) | 2840 | 0.327 | 0.300 | 0.335 | − 0.035 | 0.091 | 0.389 | 0.261 | 0.128 | 0.000 |
Republican (yes = 1, no = 0) | 2840 | 0.321 | 0.360 | 0.309 | 0.051 | 0.021 | 0.300 | 0.342 | − 0.042 | 0.024 |
Independent/other (yes = 1, no = 0) | 2840 | 0.353 | 0.341 | 0.356 | − 0.015 | 0.475 | 0.311 | 0.397 | − 0.086 | 0.000 |