Pneumococcal concentration and serotype distribution in preschool children with radiologically confirmed pneumonia compared to healthy controls prior to introduction of pneumococcal vaccination in Zanzibar: an observational study

Table 2 Clinical characteristics of patients with or without S. pneumoniae detected in their nasopharynx

	S. pneumonia n (%) if not stated otherwise
	All (n = 648^a)	Positive (n = 459^a)	Negative (n = 189^a)	p-value^b
IMCI pneumonia	369/585 (63%)	262 (62%)	107 (67%)	0.338
Radiological pneumonia	39/331 (12%)	31 (13%)	8 (8%)	0.263
Febrile	255/648 (41%)	180 (39%)	75 (40%)	0.9
Prior antibiotic consumption	53/648 (8%)	31 (7%)	22 (12%)	0.057
Moderate malnutrition^c	180/647 (28%)	125 (27%)	55 (29%)	0.631
Severe malnutrition^d	48/647 (7%)	29 (6%)	19 (10%)	0.136
Mean CRP (mg/dL)	25.6	27.0	22.1	0.07^e
Median CRP (mg/dL)	13	14	12	0.04^f
Severe outcome	27/648 (4%)	17 (3.7%)	10 (5.3%)	0.389
Mean age (months)	19.2	18.7	20.5	0.11
Female	314/648 (48%)	220 (48%)	94 (50%)	0.730

CRP C-reactive protein, IMCI Integrated Management of Childhood illnesses guidelines
^aAll tested for S. pneumoniae
^bFisher's exact test, two-sided
^c(W/A < − 2zScore)
^d(W/A < − 3zScore)
^et-test
^fMann Whitney U test

ISSN: 1471-2334