Table 3 Risk factors of safely managed sanitation: a multi-level analysis
Characteristics | Odds ratio | 95% CI | p |
|---|---|---|---|
Age of household head (in years) | |||
≤ 24 | 1.00 | ||
25–34 | 1.45 | 1.10–1.92 | < 0.01 |
≥ 35 | 2.36 | 1.82–3.07 | < 0.001 |
Gender of household head | |||
Male | 1.00 | ||
Female | 1.15 | 1.02–1.29 | < 0.05 |
Household education | |||
No education | 1.00 | ||
Primary | 1.17 | 1.06–1.30 | < 0.01 |
Secondary | 1.27 | 1.13–1.43 | < 0.001 |
Higher | 2.18 | 1.81–2.62 | < 0.001 |
Household quintile | |||
Poorest | 1.00 | ||
Poorer | 2.53 | 2.21–2.88 | < 0.001 |
Middle | 6.08 | 5.22–7.08 | < 0.001 |
Rich | 9.89 | 8.30–11.78 | < 0.001 |
Richest | 50.52 | 40.63–62.80 | < 0.001 |
Area of residence | |||
Urban | 1.00 | ||
Rural | 2.55 | 2.11–3.08 | < 0.001 |
Region of residence | |||
Barisal | 3.68 | 2.68–5.04 | < 0.001 |
Chittagong | 2.44 | 1.72–3.45 | < 0.001 |
Dhaka | 1.00 | ||
Khulna | 2.47 | 1.79–3.41 | < 0.001 |
Mymensingh | 1.58 | 1.15–2.17 | < 0.01 |
Rajshahi | 2.06 | 1.48–2.87 | < 0.001 |
Rangpur | 2.71 | 1.96–3.76 | < 0.001 |
Sylhet | 1.91 | 1.35–2.70 | < 0.001 |
Random effects terms: variance and 95% CI | |||
Cluster level | 0.72 | 0.60–0.86 | |