Initial empirical antibiotics of non-carbapenems for ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae bacteremia in children: a retrospective medical record review

Table 4 Factors Associated with Persistent Bacteremia by Day 2 and 30-day All-cause Mortality

Variables^†	Microbiological failure on day 2		30-day all-cause mortality
Variables^†	OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR^‡ (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR^‡ (95% CI)
Initial empirical use of non-carbapenems	0.5 (0.17–1.71)	1.0 (0.22–4.88)	0.1 (0.01–0.83)	0.1 (0.01–1.56)
Preterm infant	42.5 (4.73–381.72)	30.6 (2.43–386.19)	15.6 (2.94–82.84)	7.6 (1.04–56.07)
Intra-abdominal infection	13.1 (1.39–122.85)	1.8 (0.08–42.72)	2.9 (0.44–18.68)	NA
Urinary tract infection	0.6 (0.06–6.31)	NA	NA	NA
Initial presentation with clinically severe infection	5.0 (1.44–17.37)	1.2 (0.18–8.03)	11.9 (2.13–66.62)	3.2 (0.40–25.25)

CI confidence interval, NA not applicable, OR odds ratio
^†Univariate analysis was performed using the variables of initial empirical antibiotics, preterm infants, clinical diagnosis and clinical severity at presentation with P-values < 0.1 in Table 1. However, the factor ‘urinary tract infection’ as an infection focus was not included in 30-day all-cause mortality because none of the cases were fatal
^‡The multivariate analysis was performed using the following variables: empirical use of non-carbapenems and those with P-value < 0.05 in the univariate analysis

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