Table 1 Characteristics of patients with persistent and non-persistent VRE Bacteremia
From: Risk factors and outcomes associated with persistent vancomycin resistant Enterococcal Bacteremia
Characteristic | Persistent Bacteremia (N = 24) | Non-persistent Bacteremia (N = 84) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (yr), median (IQR) | 53 (22.5) | 60 (21) | 0.0467 |
Male | 14 (58.3%) | 54 (64.3%) | 0.594 |
Prior antibiotic exposure | |||
Vancomycin (IV) | 10 (41.7%) | 35 (41.7%) | 1 |
Vancomycin (PO) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (2.4%) | 0.445 |
Cephalosporins | 11 (45.8%) | 32 (38.1%) | 0.495 |
Carbapenems | 5 (20.8%) | 22 (26.2%) | 0.593 |
Fluoroquinolones | 15 (62.5%) | 48 (57.1%) | 0.639 |
Metronidazole | 6 (25.0%) | 19 (22.6%) | 0.807 |
Prior VRE infection | 1 (4.2%) | 8 (9.5%) | 0.402 |
Underlying condition | |||
Solid tumor | 2 (8.3%) | 15 (17.9%) | 0.259 |
Hematologic malignancy | 5 (20.8%) | 17 (20.2%) | 0.949 |
History of BMT | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (7.1%) | 0.178 |
History of SOT | 10 (41.7%) | 27 (32.1%) | 0.386 |
Renal failure | 9 (37.5%) | 31 (36.9%) | 0.958 |
Liver cirrhosis | 8 (33.3%) | 18 (21.4%) | 0.229 |
Diabetes mellitus | 6 (25.0%) | 32 (38.1%) | 0.236 |
Recent GI surgery | 5 (20.8%) | 22 (26.2%) | 0.593 |
Grade 3–4 mucositis | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (7.1%) | 0.178 |
Severe neutropenia | 2 (8.3%) | 6 (7.1%) | 0.844 |
ECMO | 2 (8.3%) | 17 (20.2%) | 0.177 |
CRRT | 8 (33.3%) | 28 (33.3%) | 1 |
Intermittent hemodialysis | 8 (33.3%) | 12 (14.3%) | 0.034 |
Charlson Comorbidity Index, median (IQR) | 5 (4–7) | 5 (3–7) | 0.704 |
Pitt bacteremia score, median (IQR) | 2.5 (1–8) | 2 (0–6) | 0.213 |
ICU stay during admission | 14 (58.3%) | 51 (60.7%) | 0.834 |
ICU stay at index culture | 11 (45.8%) | 39 (46.4%) | 0.959 |
Source of infection | |||
Intra-abdominal | 12 (50.0%) | 44 (52.4%) | 0.386 |
Undifferentiated | 5 (20.8%) | 22 (26.2%) | |
Central line | 1 (4.2%) | 8 (9.5%) | |
Other (skin, urinary, pleural fluid, device-related) | 6 (25.0%) | 10 (11.9%) | |
Central line present at index culture | 16 (66.7%) | 57 (67.9%) | 0.912 |
Central line removed | 12 /16 (75%) | 41 / 57 (71.9%) | 0.808 |
E. faecalis spp. BSI | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (3.6%) | 0.348 |
E. faecium spp. BSI | 24 (100.0%) | 81 (96.4%) | 0.445 |
Polymicrobial bacteremia | 3 (12.5%) | 16 (10.1%) | 0.458 |
Concurrent candidemia | 1 (4.2%) | 6 (7.1%) | 0.601 |
1 of 4 positive index blood culture bottles | 2 (8.3%) | 26 (31.0%) | 0.026 |
4 of 4 positive index blood culture bottles | 13 (54.2%) | 18 (21.4%) | 0.002 |
Treatment (initial 72 h) | |||
Daptomycin | 15 (62.5%) | 47 (56.0%) | 0.567 |
Linezolid | 13 (54.2%) | 42 (50.0%) | 0.719 |
Tedizolid | 3 (12.5%) | 10 (11.9%) | 0.937 |
Tigecycline | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.2%) | 0.591 |
Omadacycline | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.2%) | 0.591 |
ID consult | 22 (91.7%) | 82 (97.6%) | 0.173 |