Population genetic analyses inferred a limited genetic diversity across the pvama-1 DI domain among Plasmodium vivax isolates from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa regions of Pakistan

Table 2 The neutrality test and genetic polymorphisms estimation for pvama-1 domain-1 DNA sequences of KP, Pakistan and global samples

Countries	n	S	S(si)	Parsimony informative sites	η	K	H	Hd ± SD	π ± SD	Tajima’s D	D*(F&L)	F*(F&L)	References
Pakistan	84	62	41	21	67	7.335	57	0.978 ± 0.008	0.01763 ± 0.00084	− 1.490 P > 0.10	− 5.167 P < 0.02	− 4.418 P < 0.02	Current study
China-Myanmar boarder	73	22	3	19	24	6.249	25	0.914 ± 0.021	0.01502 ± 0.00077	0.81996 P > 0.10	0.00217 P > 0.10	0.36221 P > 0.10	Zhu et al. [25]
Iran	80	19	4	17	23	7.101	30	0.975 ± 0.010	0.01707 ± 0.00072	1.17202 P > 0.10	0.43585 P > 0.10	0.81792 P > 0.10	Esmaeili Rastaghi et al. [36]
Korea	66	23	4	19	23	4.205	15	0.782 ± 0.047	0.01011 ± 0.00111	− 0.40425 P > 0.10	0.32761 P > 0.10	0.07398 P > 0.10	Kang et al. [26]
Myanmar	38	45	23	22	47	8.580	37	0.999 ± 0.006	0.02063 ± 0.00091	− 0.83341 P > 0.10	− 1.88701 P > 0.10	− 1.80822 P > 0.10	Moon et al. [21]
PNG	100	21	2	19	22	6.10667	28	0.941 ± 0.009	0.01468 ± 0.00057	1.28215 P > 0.10	0.95445 P > 0.10	1.28946 P > 0.10	Arnott et al. [22]
Sri Lanka	23	15	3	12	15	0.01024	9	0.858 ± 0.047	0.01024 ± 0.00158	0.17272 P > 0.10	0.44859 P > 0.10	0.42662 P > 0.10	Gunasekera et al. [24]
Venezuela	73	12	0	12	13	4.718	12	0.847 ± 0.019	0.01134 ± 0.00044	2.15646 P < 0.05	1.43284 P < 0.05	2.06299 P < 0.02	Ord et al. [39]
Thailand	100	18	1	17	23	6.6000	34	0.919 ± 0.015	0.01587 ± 0.00057	1.43285 P > 0.10	0.59998 P > 0.10	1.09630 P > 0.10	Putaporntip et al. [38]
India	59	23	4	19	26	7.10286	41	0.980 ± 0.008	0.01707 ± 0.000	0.86316 P > 0.10	0.21989 P > 0.10	0.53811 P > 0.10	Thakur et al. [37]

n: number of samples; S: number of polymorphic sites (Segregating sites); K: average number of pairwise nucleotide differences; H: haplotype; Hd: haplotype diversity; π: observed average pairwise nucleotide diversity; D* (F&L): Fu and Li’s D* value; F* (F&L): Fu and Li’s F* value
P value ≤ 0.05 is considered significant

ISSN: 1471-2334