Table 1 Baseline and clinical characteristics of adults living with HIV in Asmara’s Follow-up hospitals, Asmara, Eritrea (2001–2020)
Characteristics | Total N (%) | Cases N (%) | Controls N (%) | Chi-square (χ2) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||||
Male | 483 (45.2) | 161 (44.1) | 322 (45.2) | 0.0 | 1 |
Female | 585 (54.7) | 195 (55.9) | 390 (54.8) | ||
Cohort age | |||||
< 25 years | 167 (15.6) | 59 (16.6) | 108 (15.2) | 1.8 | 0.40 |
26–45 years | 780 (73.0) | 251 (70.5) | 529 (74.2) | ||
> 45 years | 122 (11.4) | 46 (12.9) | 76 (10.7) | ||
Address | |||||
Maekel | 931 (87.1) | 308 (86.5) | 623 (87.4) | 0.2 | 0.7 |
Outside Maekel | 138 (12.9) | 48 (13.5) | 90 (12.6) | ||
Educational level | |||||
No formal education | 59 (5.5) | 21 (5.9) | 38 (5.4) | 0.1 | 0.93 |
Primary & junior | 455 (42.6) | 152 (42.7) | 303 (42.7) | ||
Secondary & above | 551 (51.5) | 183 (51.4) | 368 (51.9) | ||
Marital status | |||||
Married | 505 (47.2) | 156 (43.9) | 349 (57.1) | 5.2 | 0.16 |
Single | 302 (28.4) | 107 (30.1) | 195 (31.9) | ||
Divorced | 98 (9.2) | 41 (11.5) | 57 (9.3) | ||
Widowed | 107 (14.9) | 51 (14.4) | 107 (17.5) | ||
Employment | |||||
Employed | 611 (57.2) | 201 (56.5) | 410 (57.5) | 0.10 | 0.79 |
Unemployed | 458 (42.8) | 155 (43.5) | 303 (42.5) | ||
Care entry point | |||||
VCT | 620 (58.0) | 182 (51.1) | 438 (61.5) | 14.5 | 0.006 |
In-Patient Wards | 64 (6.0) | 22 (6.2) | 42 (5.9) | ||
Medical OPD | 255 (23.9) | 94 (26.4) | 161 (22.6) | ||
Transfer In | 66 (6.2) | 32 (10) | 34 (4.8) | ||
Others | 63 (5.9) | 26 (7.3) | 37 (5.2) | ||
Prior exposure to ART | |||||
Yes | 135 (12.6) | 295 (82.9) | 629 (89.5) | 9.3 | 0.003 |
No | 934 (87.4) | 61 (17.1) | 74 (10.5) | ||
Baseline CD4+ cell count | |||||
≤ 200 cells/μl | 621 (58.1) | 230 (65.2) | 391 (55.2) | 9.6 | 0.002 |
> 200cells/μl | 440 (41.2) | 123 (34.8) | 317 (44.8) | ||
Initial WHO clinical stage | |||||
Stage I | 923 (87.1) | 250 (70.6) | 673 (95.3) | 137.8 | < 0.001 |
Stage II | 59 (5.6) | 44 (12.4) | 15 (2.1) | ||
Stage III | 41 (3.9) | 25 (7.1) | 16 (2.3) | ||
Stage IV | 37 (3.5) | 35 (9.9) | 2 (0.3) | ||
Initial regimen backbone | |||||
D4T + 3TC | 425 (39.8) | 174 (49) | 251 (35.2) | 40.10 | < 0.001 |
AZT + 3TC | 374 (35.0) | 112 (31.6) | 262 (36.7) | ||
TDF + FTC | 239 (22.4) | 51 (14.4) | 188 (26.4) | ||
TDF + 3TC | 17 (1.6) | 12 (3.4) | 5 (0.7) | ||
ABC + 3TC | 13 (1.2) | 6 (1.7) | 7 (1) | ||
NNRTI | |||||
EFV | 465 (43.5) | 120 (34.1) | 345 (48.5) | 19.9 | < 0.001 |
NVP | 598 (55.9) | 232 (65.9) | 366 (51.5) | ||
cART changes | |||||
Yes | 802 (75.0) | 40 (11.3) | 226 (31.7) | 52.9 | < 0.001 |
No | 266 (25.0) | 315 (88.7) | 487 (68.3) | ||
Current WHO clinical stage | |||||
Stage 1 | 982 (87.1) | 250 (70.6) | 673 (95.3) | 137.8 | < 0.001 |
Stage II | 59 (5.6) | 44 (12.4) | 15 (2.1) | ||
Stage III | 41 (3.9) | 25 (7.1) | 16 (2.3) | ||
Stage IV | 37 (3.5) | 35 (9.9) | 2 (0.3) | ||
TB Status | |||||
No symptom | 187 (17.5) | 52 (14.6) | 135 (18.9) | 8.9 | 0.030 |
Took IPT | 783 (73.2) | 261 (73.3) | 522 (73.2) | ||
Took AntiTB | 28 (2.6) | 15 (4.2) | 13 (1.8) | ||
Took IPT & ANTI-TB | 71 (6.6) | 28 (7.9) | 43 (6) | ||
Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis | |||||
Yes | 522 (49.4) | 217 (61.3) | 305 (43.4) | 30.0 | < 0.001 |
No | 534 (50.6) | 137 (38.7) | 397 (56.6) | ||
Missed hospital appointments | |||||
Yes | 603 (56.4) | 247 (70.8) | 356 (50.2) | 40.3 | < 0.001 |
No | 455 (42.6) | 102(29.2) | 353 (49.8) | ||
Record of Suboptimal Drug adherence | |||||
Yes | 609 (57.2) | 248 (71.3) | 361 (51) | 51.6 | < 0.001 |
No | 447 (42.3) | 100 (28.7) | 347 (49) | ||
Drug Intolerance | |||||
cART | 289 (90.6) | 104 (89.7) | 185 (91.1) | 6.2 | 0.1 |
Cotrimoxazole | 23 (7.2) | 7 (6) | 16 (7.9) | ||
Anti-TB | 7 (2.2) | 5 (4.3) | 2 (1) | ||
Baseline functional status | |||||
Working | 808 (75.6) | 236(66.5) | 572(81) | 27.7 | < 0.001 |
Ambulatory | 212 (19.8) | 97(27.3) | 115(16.3) | ||
Bed-ridden | 42 (3.9) | 22(6.2) | 20(2.7) | ||
Comorbid conditions | |||||
Yes | 85 (8) | 44(12.4) | 41(5.8) | 14.1 | < 0.001 |
No | 982 (91.9) | 312(87.6) | 670(94.2) | ||
cART changes to a similar Analogue | |||||
Yes | 283 (26.5) | 100 (28) | 183 (25.6) | 0.72 | 0.4 |
No | 786 (73.5) | 256 (72) | 530 (74.4) | ||
Weight shift | |||||
Positive | 829 (79.1) | 276 (78.6) | 553 (79.3) | 0.07 | 0.8 |
Negative | 219 (20.9) | 75 (21.4) | 144 (20.7) | ||
Previous Hospitalizations | |||||
Yes | 196 (18.6) | 259 (50) | 108 (15.2) | 30.22 | < 0.001 |
No | 860 (81.4) | 259 (50) | 601 (84.8) | ||