Skip to main content

Table 1 Pathogen characteristics and inappropriate empiric treatment

From: The risk of inappropriate empiric treatment and its outcomes based on pathogens in non-ventilated (nvHABP), ventilated (vHABP) hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated (VABP) bacterial pneumonia in the US, 2012–2019

 

nvHABP

%

vHABP

%

VABP

%

P-value

N = 4728 (26.53%)

N = 4561 (25.60%)

N = 8530 (47.87%)

 

Gram stain status

 GN only

2603

55.05%

2435

53.39%

4835

56.68%

 

  IET

278

10.68%

180

7.39%

449

9.29%

0.001

  Indeterminate

200

7.68%

168

6.90%

329

6.80%

  Non-IET

2125

81.64%

2087

85.71%

4057

83.91%

 GP only

1862

39.38%

1781

39.05%

2987

35.02%

 

  IET

91

4.89%

51

2.86%

117

3.92%

0.007

  Indeterminate

204

10.96%

164

9.21%

291

9.74%

  Non-IET

1567

84.16%

1566

87.93%

2579

86.34%

 GN + GP

263

5.56%

345

7.56%

708

8.30%

 

  IET

34

12.93%

23

6.67%

49

6.92%

< 0.001

  Indeterminate

65

24.71%

46

13.33%

117

16.53%

  Non-IET

164

62.36%

276

80.00%

542

76.55%

Specific resistant pathogens

 CR (among GN patients)

213

7.43%

186

6.69%

493

8.89%

 

  IET

72

33.80%

68

36.56%

198

40.16%

0.310

  Indeterminate

27

12.68%

16

8.60%

43

8.72%

  Non-IET

114

53.52%

102

54.84%

252

51.12%

 C3R (among Enterobaterales)

272

14.43%

284

14.90%

493

12.86%

 

  IET

66

24.26%

46

16.20%

86

17.44%

0.032

  Indeterminate

16

5.88%

15

5.28%

42

8.52%

  Non-IET

190

69.85%

223

78.52%

365

74.04%

  1. nvHABP = non-ventilated HABP; vHABP = ventilated HABP; VABP = ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia; MRSA = methicillin-resistant S. aureus; MSSA = methicillin-susceptible S. aureus; SD = standard deviation; IQR = interquartile range; IET = inappropriate empiric therapy; GP = Gram positive; GN = Gram-negative; CR = carbapenem resistant; C3R = resistant to 3rd generation cephalosporins