Table 2 Comparison of factors for blood culture ordering among febrile or hypothermic adult inpatients
From: Blood culture utilization practices among febrile and/or hypothermic inpatients
Variable | Blood culture performed n = 7850; n (%) | No blood culture performed n = 13,533; n (%) | Univariate analysis | Multivariable analysis α | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
p value | aOR (95% CI) | p value | |||
Age in years, median (IQR) | 59 (46–68) | 60 (45–69) | < 0.0001 | - | |
Gender | 0.69 | - | |||
Male | 4333 (55.2) | 7508 (55.5) | |||
Female | 3517 (44.8) | 6025 (44.5) | |||
Race | 0.003 | ||||
White | 5254 (66.9) | 8782 (64.9) | Reference | ||
Black or others | 2596 (33.1) | 4751 (35.1) | 1.07 (1.03–1.11) | 0.001 | |
Type of abnormal body temperature | |||||
Fever ≥ 39℃ | 1664 (21.2) | 1035 (7.7) | < 0.0001 | 4.17 (3.91–4.46) | < 0.0001 |
Fever | 5094 (64.9) | 5300 (39.1) | < 0.0001 | 3.48 (3.27–3.69) | < 0.0001 |
Hypothermia | 1092 (13.9) | 7198 (53.2) | Reference | Reference | |
Hospital-onset fever or hypothermia | 4857 (61.9) | 7706 (56.9) | < 0.0001 | 1.02 (0.98–1.06) | 0.23 |
Comorbidities | |||||
Congestive heart failure | 1893 (24.1) | 3980 (29.4) | < 0.0001 | 0.97 (0.93–1.02) | 0.244 |
Chronic lung disease | 1735 (22.1) | 3366 (24.9) | < 0.0001 | 1.01 (0.97–1.05) | 0.654 |
Diabetes mellitus | 2061 (26.3) | 3805 (28.1) | 0.003 | 1.01 (0.97–1.04) | 0.754 |
Chronic liver failure | 1354 (17.2) | 2111 (15.6) | 0.002 | 1.18 (1.13–1.23) | < 0.0001 |
End stage renal disease | 1672 (21.3) | 3357 (24.8) | < 0.0001 | 1.03 (0.98–1.07) | 0.189 |
Malignancy | 1053 (13.4) | 1799 (13.3) | 0.803 | - | |
HIV infection | 114 (1.5) | 142 (1.0) | 0.010 | 1.03 (0.90–1.16) | 0.754 |
SIRS status | |||||
No SIRS | 1926 (24.5) | 4259 (31.5) | Reference | Reference | |
SIRS alone | 1977 (25.2) | 2490 (18.4) | < 0.0001 | 1.25 (1.19–1.31) | < 0.0001 |
SIRS plus hypotension | 3947 (50.3) | 6784 (50.1) | < 0.0001 | 1.32 (1.25–1.39) | < 0.0001 |
WBC | |||||
Normal or not done | 2197 (28.0) | 5085 (37.6) | Reference | Reference | |
<4,000 /mm3 | 2194 (27.9) | 1519 (11.2) | < 0.0001 | 1.03 (0.98–1.08) | 0.292 |
>12,000 /mm3 | 3459 (44.1) | 6929 (51.2) | < 0.0001 | 0.90 (0.86–0.94) | < 0.0001 |
Shift work during detection of abnormal body temperature | < 0.0001 | ||||
Day (8am to 8pm) | 4286 (54.6) | 8063 (59.6) | Reference | ||
Night (8pm to 8am of the following day) | 3564 (45.4) | 5470 (40.4) | 1.06 (1.03–1.09) | < 0.0001 | |
Weekend (Saturday & Sunday) | 2217 (28.2) | 3295 (24.3) | < 0.0001 | 1.05 (1.01–1.09) | 0.005 |
Mechanical ventilation | 3222 (41.0) | 5665 (41.9) | 0.243 | - | |
Indwelling urinary catheter | 4784 (60.9) | 9207 (68.0) | < 0.0001 | 0.93 (0.89–0.97) | 0.001 |
Central venous catheter | 6110 (77.8) | 8257 (61.0) | < 0.0001 | 1.36 (1.30–1.43) | < 0.0001 |
Department during detection of abnormal body temperature | |||||
Emergency department | 233 (3.0) | 415 (3.1) | < 0.0001 | 0.99 (0.89–1.10) | 0.894 |
General medicine | 1391 (17.7) | 1463 (10.8) | Reference | Reference | |
Surgery | 677 (8.6) | 1992 (14.7) | < 0.0001 | 0.56 (0.52–0.60) | < 0.0001 |
ICU | 3167 (40.3) | 6960 (51.4) | < 0.0001 | 0.69 (0.65–0.73) | < 0.0001 |
SCT / medical oncology | 1850 (23.6) | 715 (5.3) | < 0.0001 | 1.09 (1.04–1.15) | 0.002 |
Cardiology | 97 (1.2) | 262 (1.9) | < 0.0001 | 0.73 (0.63–0.85) | < 0.0001 |
Neurology / neurosurgery | 173 (2.2) | 450 (3.3) | < 0.0001 | 0.72 (0.69–0.81) | < 0.0001 |
Gynecologic oncology | 126 (1.6) | 100 (0.8) | 0.043 | 1.10 (0.98–1.22) | 0.097 |
Obstetrics | 43 (0.6) | 378 (2.8) | < 0.0001 | 0.29 (0.22–0.38) | < 0.0001 |
Orthopedics | 35 (0.4) | 306 (2.3) | < 0.0001 | 0.29 (0.21–0.39) | < 0.0001 |
Psychiatry | 14 (0.2) | 407 (3.0) | < 0.0001 | 0.17 (0.10–0.31) | < 0.0001 |
Others | 44 (0.6) | 85 (0.6) | 0.001 | 0.88 (0.72–1.07) | 0.205 |