Characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients presenting with advanced HIV disease in the “treat all” era: a retrospective cohort study from rural Rwanda

Table 1 Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients presenting with and without advanced HIV (N = 957)

	Advanced HIV (N = 105)^a		Non-advanced HIV (N = 852)		p-value
	N	%	N	%
District					< 0.001
Kayonza	34	32.4	298	35.0
Kirehe	22	21.0	363	42.6
Burera	49	46.7	191	22.4
Age at baseline					< 0.001
15–24	13	12.4	187	22.0
25–34	19	18.1	324	38.0
35–44	32	30.5	179	21.0
≥ 45	41	39.1	162	19.0
Sex					0.090
Female	61	58.1	566	66.4
Male	44	41.9	286	33.6
Distance to health facility (km)					0.300
0–2	19	18.1	221	25.9
> 2–5	42	40.0	308	36.2
> 5	23	21.9	188	22.1
Missing	21	20.0	135	15.9
BMI category^c					< 0.001
< 16	9	8.6	13	1.5
16–18.5	13	12.4	69	8.1
> 18.5	40	38.1	443	52.0
Missing	43	41.0	327	38.4
WHO stage					< 0.001^b
Stage1	25	23.8	713	83.7
Stage2	9	8.6	86	10.1
Stage3	48	45.7	0	0.0
Stage4	11	10.5	0	0.0
Missing	12	11.4	53	6.2
CD4 count (cells/mm³)					< 0.001^b
< 200	61	58.1	0	0.0
200–350	6	5.7	64	7.5
351–499	4	3.8	64	7.5
500 and above	2	1.9	189	22.2
Missing	32	30.5	535	62.8
Method of enrollment					< 0.001^b
VCT^c	20	19.1	338	39.7
PMTCT^c	1	1.0	102	12.0
Inpatient or tuberculosis	11	10.5	10	1.2
Outpatient	15	14.3	70	8.2
Other/missing	58	55.2	332	39.0

^aAdvanced HIV were defined as those who presented to care with CD4 < 200 or WHO Stage 3 and 4
^bFisher's exact test was used due to small cell count
^cVCT: Voluntary Counselling and Testing; PMTCT: Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission, BMI: Body Mass Index

ISSN: 1471-2334