Exploratory factor analysis (n = 7841) | Confirmatory factor analysis (n = 7840) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stigma from family and friends | Anticipated healthcare stigma | General social stigma | Stigma from family and friends | Anticipated healthcare stigma | General social stigma | |
Factor loadings | ||||||
1. Exclusion from family activities | 0.855 | 0.079 | − 0.005 | 0.818 | – | – |
2. Discriminatory remarks by family | 0.778 | 0.040 | 0.016 | 0.769 | – | – |
3. Rejection by friends | 0.470 | 0.148 | 0.255 | 0.777 | – | – |
4. Fear of healthcare services | 0.054 | 0.958 | 0.002 | – | 0.965 | – |
5. Avoidance of healthcare services | 0.025 | 0.952 | 0.024 | – | 0.966 | – |
6. Felt mistreated in a health center | − 0.134 | 0.229 | 0.725 | – | – | 0.722 |
7. Heard providers gossiping | − 0.120 | 0.139 | 0.774 | – | – | 0.680 |
8. Police refusal to protect | 0.074 | − 0.058 | 0.703 | – | – | 0.675 |
9. Afraid to be in public places | 0.275 | 0.128 | 0.402 | – | – | 0.681 |
10. Verbal harassment | 0.342 | − 0.120 | 0.552 | – | – | 0.761 |
11. Blackmail | 0.180 | 0.041 | 0.477 | – | – | 0.634 |
12. Physical violence | 0.203 | − 0.181 | 0.674 | – | – | 0.695 |
13. Sexual violence | 0.071 | – 0.036 | 0.518 | – | – | 0.542 |
Factor correlations | ||||||
Stigma from family and friends | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
Anticipated healthcare stigma | 0.258 | 1.00 | – | 0.445 | 1.00 | – |
General social stigma | 0.563 | 0.404 | 1.00 | 0.766 | 0.490 | 1.00 |