Fig. 1

Dynamics of the transmission model. The compartments S, E, \(I_r\), \(I_u\) and R represent susceptible, exposed, reported infected, unreported infected and removed populations. \(S_q\), \(E_q\) and \(I_q\) are susceptible, exposed and infected individuals under quarantine. \(q_0\) is the self-isolation rate of susceptible persons; \(q_1\) is the quarantine rate of exposed persons; \(q_2\) is the quarantine rate of unreported infections; and \(q_3\) is the isolation rate of confirmed cases. \(\beta\) is the transmission rate of SARS-CoV-2, L is the mean duration of latency period, D is the mean duration of infectious period, and Q is the average length of self-isolation