Table 3 Multivariate effect of race, sex, age, comorbidity and region on outcomes in COVID-19 hospitalizations

Race*

 Black

0.958

0.895

1.025

0.93

0.84

1.02

0.75

0.68

0.84

0.90

0.86

0.95

 All others

1.10

1.03

1.17

1.44

1.33

1.55

0.62

0.74

0.90

1.05

1.00

1.10

Sex**

 Male

1.49

1.42

1.57

1.51

1.41

1.61

1.02

0.95

1.09

1.38

1.33

1.43

Age***

 Age 18–34

3.12

1.86

5.23

3.62

2.26

5.80

0.86

0.57

1.30

1.23

1.08

1.41

 Age 35–49

8.14

4.94

13.40

8.32

5.26

13.17

2.47

1.71

3.57

2.19

1.93

2.49

 Age 50–64

20.82

12.70

34.13

12.96

8.21

20.46

4.25

2.96

6.09

2.93

2.58

3.33

 Age 65–79

45.05

27.50

73.83

14.63

9.26

23.13

6.11

4.26

8.76

3.83

3.37

4.36

 Age ≥ 80

82.88

50.53

135.95

6.75

4.23

10.77

4.35

3.01

6.28

3.60

3.15

4.11

Comorbidity^¥

 CCI 1–4

3.06

2.86

3.28

3.68

3.38

4.01

4.60

4.10

5.16

3.36

3.21

3.52

 CCI ≥ 5

6.31

5.83

6.83

5.00

4.49

5.57

9.13

8.02

10.39

6.80

6.41

7.22

Hospital size^{ψ(bed number)}

 Medium (300–499)

1.39

1.16

1.65

0.87

0.70

1.08

0.91

0.73

1.14

1.41

1.23

1.63

 Large (500–999)

1.67

1.43

1.95

1.25

1.05

1.49

0.68

0.56

0.83

1.79

1.58

2.03

 Very large (≥ 1000)

1.25

1.07

1.45

1.04

0.88

1.22

0.70

0.58

0.84

2.11

1.87

2.37

US region^§

 Northeast

1.30

1.22

1.39

1.09

0.99

1.20

1.87

1.69

2.06

1.51

1.43

1.58

 Midwest

1.00

0.91

1.11

1.91

1.04

1.37

1.00

0.85

1.18

0.61

0.56

0.67

 West

1.25

1.18

1.34

1.99

1.83

2.16

1.53

1.39

1.68

1.54

1.47

1.61

 % Concordant

84.6

77.1

80.1

77.1