Fig. 5

Death scatter plots. Scatter plot of deaths per million during the second outbreak versus the non-vaccinated fraction at the end of the first outbreak for every US state. Results also shown for a simulation of the epidemic for the whole country as if it were a single age-structured population (red dot). The model does not include deaths as part of the dynamics, but they can be estimated by applying the infection fatality rate to the final fraction of individuals in the removed compartment for each age class (Eq. (5))