Table 1 Comparison of cardiovascular variables and laboratory test among three groups of COVID-19 patients with low, normal, and high serum vitamin D levels
|  | Insufficient vitamin D (N = 127) | Normal vitamin D (N = 53) | High vitamin D (N = 22) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Reduced ventricular ejection fraction EF decreased (< 55%) | 23 (18%) | 17 (32%) | 5 (22.7%) | 0.12 |
Arrhythmia | 4 (3%) | 5 (9.4%) | 3 (13.6%) | 0.09 |
ST segment changes | 93 (73.2%) | 39 (73.6%) | 17 (77.3%) | 0.58 |
Pericardial effusion | 25 (19.7%) | 14 (26.4%) | 2 (9%) | 0.53 |
Positive troponin | 4 (3%) | 3 (5.6%) | – | 0.52 |
Block | 17 (13.4%) | 4 (7.5%) | 6 (27.3%) | 0.06 |
Severe clinical outcome | 21 (16.5%) | 8 (15.1%) | 5 (22.7%) | 0.74 |
ESR | 38.42 ± 26.7 | 35.5 ± 28.7 | 35.6 ± 21.5 | 0.8 |
Platelet count | 209,876 ± 87,504 | 17,880 ± 60,330.4 | 192,650 ± 66,724.3 | 0.06 |
Leukocyte count | 6873.5 ± 4236.2 | 5764 ± 2867.8 | 5600 ± 2145.7 | 0.1 |
Creatinine | 1.1 ± 0.9 | 1.3 ± 1.3 | 1 ± 0.3 | 0.5 |
Lymphocyte | 1745.1 ± 518 | 1623.1 ± 365.82 | 1524.3 ± 354.8 | 0.4 |
LDH | 498.6 ± 248.6 | 834.4 ± 1957.7 | 435.6 ± 150 | 0.2 |
CPK-MB | 63 ± 140.7 | 35.3 ± 27.4 | 22.6 ± 12.9 | 0.7 |
LVEF | 53.2 ± 73.4.6 | 51.3 ± 8.3 | 54.6 ±  | 0.2 |
Respiratory rate | 10.94 ± 8.9 | 10.67 ± 9.1 | 12 ± 8.6 | 0.9 |
O2 saturation | 90.64 ± 7.3 | 90.21 ± 8.5 | 93.17 ± 7.3 | 0.5 |
Duration of hospitalization | 7.4 ± 6.7 | 7.3 ± 5.3 | 8.1 ± 7 | 0.9 |