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Table 2 Associations between socio-demographic characteristics, historical sexual behaviour and post-traumatic stress symptoms

From: Symptoms of post-traumatic stress and associations with sexual behaviour and PrEP preferences among young people in South Africa, Uganda and Zimbabwe

Characteristic

Category

PC-PTSD score

Crude results

Adjusted resultsa

0

1

2

3

4

5

OR (95% CI)

p

OR (95% CI)

p

Study setting

Cape Town

107 (45%)

25 (10%)

42 (18%)

30 (13%)

24 (10%)

11 (5%)

2.21 (1.65, 2.97)

< 0.001

2.25 (1.67, 3.02)

< 0.001

Johannesburg

111 (56%)

13 (7%)

29 (15%)

22 (11%)

20 (10%)

5 (3%)

1.58 (1.15, 2.19)

 

1.59 (1.15, 2.19)

 

Entebbe

324 (66%)

46 (9%)

42 (9%)

28 (6%)

34 (7%)

17 (3%)

Baseline

 

Baseline

 

Chitungwiza

266 (67%)

24 (6%)

47 (12%)

32 (8%)

24 (6%)

7 (2%)

0.98 (0.75, 1.29)

 

0.99 (0.75, 1.30)

 

Sex

Male

405 (60%)

69 (10%)

96 (14%)

47 (7%)

42 (6%)

14 (2%)

Baseline

0.39

Baseline

0.37

Female

403 (61%)

39 (6%)

64 (10%)

65 (10%)

60 (9%)

26 (4%)

1.10 (0.89, 1.36)

 

1.10 (0.89, 1.37)

 

Age group

13–15

90 (60%)

15 (10%)

25 (17%)

11 (7%)

8 (5%)

1 (1%)

0.89 (0.64, 1.25)

0.43

0.83 (0.60, 1.17)

0.29

16–17

152 (63%)

24 (10%)

25 (10%)

12 (5%)

23 (10%)

4 (2%)

0.84 (0.63, 1.11)

 

0.82 (0.62, 1.10)

 

18–24

566 (60%)

69 (7%)

110 (12%)

89 (9%)

71 (8%)

35 (4%)

Baseline

 

Baseline

 

Highest level of education attended

Still studying

420 (60%)

65 (9%)

89 (13%)

53 (8%)

52 (7%)

17 (2%)

Baseline

0.45

Baseline

0.96

≤ Grade 7

85 (66%)

9 (7%)

15 (12%)

7 (5%)

8 (6%)

4 (3%)

0.80 (0.54, 1.18)

 

0.97 (0.63, 1.48)

 

Grade 7–12

274 (60%)

31 (7%)

53 (12%)

44 (10%)

42 (9%)

15 (3%)

1.10 (0.88, 1.39)

 

1.06 (0.82, 1.38)

 

Post-school

29 (62%)

3 (6%)

3 (6%)

8 (17%)

0 (0%)

4 (9%)

1.06 (0.59, 1.92)

 

1.00 (0.55, 1.84)

 

Participant is household head

No

714 (61%)

89 (8%)

143 (12%)

99 (8%)

89 (8%)

32 (3%)

Baseline

0.38

Baseline

0.03

Yes

94 (57%)

19 (12%)

17 (10%)

13 (8%)

13 (8%)

8 (5%)

1.15 (0.84, 1.58)

 

1.47 (1.04, 2.08)

 

Household head age

Per unit increase

      

1.02 (1.01, 1.02)

0.001

1.01 (1.00, 1.02)

0.02

Number of adults in householdb

1–2

266 (67%)

29 (7%)

38 (10%)

29 (7%)

22 (6%)

13 (3%)

Baseline

0.002

Baseline

0.05

3–4

376 (60%)

42 (7%)

85 (14%)

52 (8%)

53 (9%)

14 (2%)

1.32 (1.02, 1.71)

< 0.001f

1.26 (0.95, 1.66)

0.01f

5+

165 (53%)

37 (12%)

37 (12%)

31 (10%)

27 (9%)

13 (4%)

1.69 (1.26, 2.26)

 

1.49 (1.09, 2.03)

 

Number of rooms in household

1–2

298 (65%)

33 (7%)

50 (11%)

35 (8%)

26 (6%)

13 (3%)

Baseline

0.03

Baseline

0.24

3–4

240 (57%)

41 (10%)

57 (14%)

32 (8%)

38 (9%)

13 (3%)

1.39 (1.07, 1.80)

 

1.26 (0.95, 1.66)

 

5+

270 (59%)

34 (7%)

53 (12%)

45 (10%)

38 (8%)

14 (3%)

1.31 (1.01, 1.71)

 

1.20 (0.90, 1.60)

 

Number of adults per room in householdb

< 1

325 (60%)

44 (8%)

66 (12%)

49 (9%)

40 (7%)

15 (3%)

Baseline

0.66

Baseline

0.89

≥ 1 and < 2

320 (60%)

40 (8%)

66 (12%)

42 (8%)

44 (8%)

19 (4%)

1.02 (0.81, 1.30)

 

1.02 (0.80, 1.31)

 

≥ 2

162 (63%)

24 (9%)

28 (11%)

21 (8%)

18 (7%)

6 (2%)

0.90 (0.67, 1.20)

 

0.95 (0.69, 1.30)

 

Ever had sexc

No

196 (70%)

19 (7%)

29 (10%)

16 (6%)

15 (5%)

5 (2%)

Baseline

< 0.001

Baseline

0.24

 

Yes

611 (58%)

89 (9%)

131 (13%)

95 (9%)

86 (8%)

35 (3%)

1.67 (1.27, 2.21)

 

1.22 (0.87, 1.71)

 

Age of first sex

Per unit increase

      

0.95 (0.91, 0.99)

0.02

0.96 (0.91, 1.01)

0.12

Transactional sex, everd

No

748 (63%)

92 (8%)

139 (12%)

92 (8%)

91 (8%)

33 (3%)

Baseline

< 0.001

Baseline

< 0.001

Yes

57 (45%)

16 (13%)

19 (15%)

19 (15%)

9 (7%)

7 (6%)

1.84 (1.32, 2.57)

 

1.89 (1.34, 2.66)

 

Forced sex, last 6 monthse

No

777 (62%)

102 (8%)

152 (12%)

101 (8%)

84 (7%)

34 (3%)

Baseline

< 0.001

Baseline

< 0.001

Yes

30 (39%)

6 (8%)

7 (9%)

10 (13%)

17 (22%)

6 (8%)

3.06 (1.98, 4.71)

 

3.18 (2.05, 4.93)

 

Forcing sex, last 6 monthse

No

788 (62%)

102 (8%)

154 (12%)

105 (8%)

91 (7%)

35 (3%)

Baseline

< 0.001

Baseline

< 0.001

Yes

19 (37%)

6 (12%)

5 (10%)

6 (12%)

10 (20%)

5 (10%)

2.99 (1.78, 5.01)

 

2.93 (1.74, 4.94)

 
  1. aAdjusted for study setting, sex and age group
  2. b1 missing value
  3. c3 preferred not to say
  4. d8 preferred not to say
  5. e4 preferred not to say
  6. fTest for trend
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