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Table 1 Spearman correlation coefficients for association of malaria and temperatures and precipitation in Lolland-Falster

From: Temperate climate malaria in nineteenth century Denmark

Time period in previous year

Spearman coefficient

Annual incidence and temperature

May incidence and temperature

Annual incidence and precipitation

May incidence and precipitation

Month

 January

− 0.24

− 0.09

0.34

− 0.25

 February

− 0.22

− 0.24

− 0.22

− 0.25

 March

0.44

0.40

0.14

0.16

 April

− 0.11

0.00

− 0.02

− 0.11

 May

0.12

0.12

− 0.10

− 0.02

 June

0.26

0.38

0.08

− 0.03

 July

0.58*

0.66*

0.11

0.02

 August

0.50*

0.57*

− 0.34

− 0.23

 September

0.17

− 0.33

0.23

0.04

 October

− 0.04

− 0.03

0.23

0.23

 November

− 0.14

0.02

− 0.09

− 0.04

 December

− 0.01

0.05

0.16

0.09

Season

 Spring (M,A,M)

0.19

0.20

− 0.01

0.01

 Summer (J,J,A)

0.53*

0.69*

− 0.10

− 0.19

 Autumn (S,O,N)

− 0.16

− 0.10

0.23

0.17

 Winter (D,J,F)

− 0.45*

− 0.41

− 0.17

− 0.18

  1. *p ≤ 0.05
  2. Spearman correlation coefficient between the preceding year’s monthly temperature and annual and May malaria incidence (per 1000 population, 27,210 cases in total) in Lolland-Falster during 1862–1880. MAM = March, April, May. JJA = June, July, August. SON = September, October, November. DJF = December, January, February