Table 2 Risk factors of healthcare-associated infections
From: Risk factors for healthcare-associated infection among children in a low-and middle-income country
Risk factors | HAI n = 467 (%) | No HAI n = 2145 (%) | Unadjusted OR | p value | Adjusted OR | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Length of hospital stay | ||||||
> 7 days | 386 (82.7) | 897 (41.8) | 6.6 (5.1–8.6) | < 0.001 | 5.6 (4.3–7.3) | < 0.001 |
≤ 7 days | 81 (17.3) | 1248 (58.2) | 1 | |||
Non-standardized antibiotics | ||||||
Yes | 237 (50.7) | 520 (24.2) | 3.2 (2.6–4.0) | < 0.001 | 1.6 (1.2–2.0) | < 0.001 |
No | 230 (49.3) | 1625 (75.8) | 1 | |||
Presence of genetic syndrome | ||||||
Yes | 26 (5.6) | 87 (4.1) | 1.4 (0.9–2.2) | 0.166 | ||
No | 441 (94.4) | 2058 (95.9) | 1 | |||
Malnutrition | ||||||
Yes | 50 (10.7) | 134 (6.2) | 1.8 (1.3–2.5) | 0.001 | 1.4 (0.9–2.1) | 0.067 |
No | 417 (89.3) | 2011 (93.8) | 1 | |||
Immunocompromised condition | ||||||
Yes | 114 (24.4) | 526 (24.5) | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 1.000 | ||
No | 353 (75.6) | 1619 (75.5) | 1 | |||
Age | ||||||
< 12 months | 166 (35.5) | 504 (23.5) | 1.8 (1.4–2.2) | < 0.001 | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) | 0.009 |
≥ 12 months | 301 (64.5) | 1641 (76.5) | 1 | |||
Referred from another hospital | ||||||
Yes | 282 (60.4) | 1139 (53.1) | 1.3 (1.1–1.7) | 0.005 | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 0.433 |
No | 185 (39.6) | 1006 (46.9) | 1 | |||
Surgery < 30 days on admission | ||||||
Yes | 36 (7.7) | 40 (1.9) | 4.4 (2.8–7.0) | < 0.001 | 1.8 (1.0–3.3) | 0.050 |
No | 431 (92.3) | 2105 (98.1) | 1 | |||
Severe sepsis or septic shock | ||||||
Yes | 77 (16.5) | 86 (4.0) | 4.7 (3.4–6.6) | < 0.001 | 1.9 (1.3–2.9) | 0.001 |
No | 390 (83.5) | 2059 (96.0) | 1 | |||
Use of urine catheter | ||||||
Yes | 166 (35.6) | 281 (13.1) | 3.7 (2.9–4.6) | < 0.001 | 1.9 (1.3–2.6) | < 0.001 |
No | 301 (64.4) | 1864 (86.9) | 1 | |||
Use of central venous catheter | ||||||
Yes | 64 (13.7) | 49 (2.3) | 6.8 (4.6–10.0) | < 0.001 | 1.8 (1.1–2.9) | 0.024 |
No | 403 (86.3) | 2096 (97.7) | 1 | |||
Use of mechanical ventilation | ||||||
Yes | 101 (21.6) | 123 (5.7) | 4.5 (3.4–6.0) | < 0.001 | 1.1 (0.7–1.7) | 0.747 |
No | 366 (78.4) | 2022 (94.3) | 1 |